Linking oxidative stress biomarkers to disease progression and antioxidant therapy in hypertension and diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 26, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) is increasingly recognized as a key factor linking hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the dual role of OS both an instigator amplifier cardiometabolic dysfunction. In HTN, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to endothelial impairment vascular remodeling. DM, hyperglycemia-induced ROS production worsens beta-cell failure insulin resistance through pathways such AGE-RAGE signaling, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, polyol pathway. Clinically validated biomarkers OS, F2-isoprostanes (which indicate lipid peroxidation), 8-OHdG indicates DNA damage), activities redox enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), show strong correlations with disease progression end-organ complications. Despite promising preclinical results, application antioxidant therapies in clinical settings has faced challenges due inconsistent outcomes, highlighting need for targeted approaches. Emerging strategies include: 1. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants enhance function resistant HTN; 2. Nrf2 activators restore balance early diabetes; 3. Specific inhibitors NOX isoforms. We emphasize three transformative areas research: (i) interaction between microbiome ROS, where modifying gut microbiota can reduce systemic OS; (ii) use nanotechnology deliver directly pancreatic islets or atherosclerotic plaques; (iii) phenotype-specific diagnosis therapy guided genetic profiling (for example, KEAP1/NRF2 polymorphisms). Integrating these advances lifestyle modifications, following Mediterranean diet exercising regularly, may provide additional benefits. outlines mechanistic framework targeting comorbidity HTN DM while identifying critical knowledge gaps, particularly timing signaling development personalized medicine, which serve reference researchers clinicians working this area.

Язык: Английский

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L-Arginine and Immune Modulation: A Pharmacological Perspective on Inflammation and Autoimmune Disorders

European Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 177615 - 177615

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease—Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(8), С. 3660 - 3660

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is among the most common diseases in industrialized countries and has a significant socioeconomic impact. The diversity of clinical symptoms manifestations CVD pose major challenges routine diagnosis treatment. Despite high prevalence huge number surgical interventions performed every day, substantial proportion etiopathogenesis remains unclear. There are several widely advocated generally valid theories “peri-capillary fibrin cuffs” “white cell trapping hypothesis”, which consider role reflux/obstruction, inflammation, vascular remodeling, hemodynamic changes, genetic social risk factors. specific provoking factors for development reflux: incompetence valve system, inflammation wall, hypertension. Over past few years, increasing scientific data demonstrated link between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation. High levels oxidants persistent can cause cumulative changes hemodynamics, resulting permanent irreversible damage to microcirculation cells. Production reactive oxygen species expression inflammatory cytokines adhesion molecules involved vicious cycle wall remodeling. interaction ROS, particular, superoxide anion radical, with nitric oxide leads decrease NO bioavailability, followed by initiation prolonged vasoconstriction hypoxia impairment tone. This review addresses ED, oxidative, stress mediation. Based on predefined inclusion exclusion criteria, we conducted systematic published articles using PubMed, PMC Europe, Scopus, WoS, MEDLINE, Google Scholar databases interval from 24 April 2002 1 2025. current included studies (n = 197) articles, including new reviews, updates, grey literature, were evaluated according eligibility criteria. selection process was standardized form PRISMA rules, manual search databases, double-check ensure transparent complete reporting reviews. Studies had report quantitative assessments relationship shear chronic disease.

Язык: Английский

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Redox Imbalance in Inflammation: The Interplay of Oxidative and Reductive Stress

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(6), С. 656 - 656

Опубликована: Май 29, 2025

Redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation, influencing both onset and progression various inflammatory conditions. While pro-inflammatory oxidative stress (OS) is well established, impact reductive (RS)—a condition marked by excessive reducing equivalents such as NADH, NADPH, reduced glutathione (GSH)—remains underappreciated. This review offers novel integrative perspective analyzing how OS RS act not merely opposition, but interconnected modulators immune function. We explore mechanisms through which activates pathways, RS, when sustained, can paradoxically impair defense, alter redox-sensitive signaling, contribute to disease progression. Emphasis placed on dynamic interplay between these redox extremes their combined contribution pathogenesis chronic diseases, including autoimmune, cardiovascular, neuroinflammatory disorders. Additionally, we evaluate therapeutic strategies that target homeostasis, arguing for shift from antioxidant-centric treatments approaches consider bidirectional nature dysregulation. framework may inform development more precise interventions inflammation-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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