From Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic Syndrome: Proposing an Expanded Framework
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 213 - 213
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025
Cardiometabolic
diseases
represent
an
escalating
global
health
crisis,
slowing
or
even
reversing
earlier
declines
in
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
mortality.
Traditionally,
conditions
such
as
obesity,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM),
atherosclerotic
CVD,
heart
failure
(HF),
chronic
kidney
(CKD),
and
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
(MASLD)
were
managed
isolation.
However,
emerging
evidence
reveals
that
these
disorders
share
overlapping
pathophysiological
mechanisms
treatment
strategies.
In
2023,
the
American
Heart
Association
proposed
Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic
(CKM)
syndrome,
recognizing
interconnected
roles
of
heart,
kidneys,
system.
Yet,
this
model
omits
liver—a
critical
organ
impacted
by
dysfunction.
MASLD,
which
can
progress
to
steatohepatitis
(MASH),
is
closely
tied
insulin
resistance
contributing
directly
renal
impairment.
Notably,
MASLD
bidirectionally
associated
with
development
progression
CKM
syndrome.
As
a
result,
we
introduce
expanded
framework—the
Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic
(CRHM)
syndrome—to
more
comprehensively
capture
broader
inter-organ
dynamics.
We
provide
guidance
for
integrated
diagnostic
approach
aimed
at
halting
advanced
stages
preventing
further
damage.
addition,
highlight
advances
medical
management
target
shared
pathways,
offering
benefits
across
multiple
systems.
Viewing
whole,
rather
than
discrete
entities,
incorporating
into
framework
fosters
holistic
strategy
offers
promising
path
addressing
cardiometabolic
pandemic.
Язык: Английский
Correlation between the interleukin-36 subfamily and gut microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis: Implications for gut-liver axis imbalance
World Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025
BACKGROUND
Liver
cirrhosis
(LC)
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide.
The
pathogenesis
involves
complex
interactions
between
immune
responses
and
gut
microbiota.
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
the
role
interleukin-36
(IL-36)
subfamily
in
inflammation
regulation.
However,
relationship
serum
IL-36
levels
microbiota
patients
remains
unclear.
This
study
aimed
to
explore
clinical
significance
their
association
with
patients.
AIM
To
among
METHODS
Sixty-one
were
enrolled
from
Lihuili
Hospital
Ningbo
University
May
2022
November
2023
as
LC
group
29
healthy
volunteers
control
(HC)
group.
expressions
IL-36α,
IL-36β,
IL-36γ,
IL-36Ra,
IL-38
measured
through
ELISA,
while
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing
was
employed
rate
microbial
community
human
fecal
samples.
RESULTS
remarkably
exceeded
those
HC
(P
<
0.05).
related
positively
Child-Pugh
score
0.05)
prominently
C
absolute
abundance
harmful
bacteria
(Bacteroides
,
Bifidobacterium
Faecalibacterium
)
rose,
beneficial
(Firmicutes
Bacteroides
Escherichia-Shigella
notably
decreased
Lactobacillus
0.05),
negatively
Fusicatenibacter
CONCLUSION
IL-36γ
show
promise
potential
biomarkers
for
progression,
but
further
validation
is
required.
Язык: Английский