The Crucial Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 386 - 386

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial structure that maintains brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules and cells from bloodstream into central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease, well ischemic stroke, compromise integrity BBB. This leads to increased permeability infiltration harmful substances, thereby accelerating neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore mechanisms underlying BBB disruption, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, loss tight junction integrity, in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how breakdown contributes neurotoxicity, abnormal accumulation pathological proteins, all which exacerbate neuronal damage facilitate disease progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring function, anti-inflammatory treatments, antioxidant therapies, approaches enhance integrity. Given role neurodegeneration, maintaining its represents promising approach slow prevent progression

Язык: Английский

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Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes

Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1), С. 8 - 8

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Each year, the number of cases strokes and deaths due to this is increasing around world. This could be work stress, lifestyles, unhealthy food habits, several other reasons. Currently, there are traditional methods like thrombolysis mechanical thrombectomy for managing strokes. The current approach has limitations, delayed diagnosis, limited therapeutic delivery, risks secondary injuries. So, a need some effective reliable management strokes, which help in early diagnosis followed by treatment Nanotechnology played an immense role recently, it emerged as transformative solution offering innovative diagnostic tools strategies. Nanoparticles (NPs) belonging classes, including metallic (metallic metal oxide), organic (lipids, liposome), carbon, can cross blood–brain barrier may exhibit potential various Moreover, these NPs have exhibited promise improving imaging specificity delivery precise drug real-time monitoring efficacy. Nanomaterials cerium oxide (CeO2) liposome-encapsulated agents neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress promote neuroregeneration. In present article, authors emphasized significant advancements nanomedicine stroke, NPs-based systems, neuroregenerative therapies, multimodal advancements.

Язык: Английский

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Ginkgo biloba Extract GBE50 ameliorates cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 156646 - 156646

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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From Molecules to Mind: The Critical Role of Chitosan, Collagen, Alginate, and Other Biopolymers in Neuroprotection and Neurodegeneration

Molecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(5), С. 1017 - 1017

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Neurodegenerative disorders present significant therapeutic challenges, particularly due to the complex nature of drug delivery central nervous system. This review investigates applications various biopolymers in neuroprotection and their potential role treating neurodegeneration. We a critical analysis natural synthetic biopolymers, focusing primarily on chitosan, fish collagen/gelatin, alginate as key agents. The examines fundamental mechanisms brain development neurodegeneration, establishing framework for understanding how these interact with neural tissues. By analyzing recent experimental studies, we evaluate effectiveness different biopolymer-based systems crossing blood-brain barrier subsequent neuroprotective effects. Additionally, promising materials, including lignin, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, glucose-modified bovine serum albumin/procyanidin complexes, are briefly explored provide comprehensive overview current developments field. Our reveals that approaches offer unique advantages both delivery, potentially opening new avenues neurodegenerative conditions. synthesizes knowledge identifies directions future research strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Surface Versus Penetrative rTMS Stimulation May Be More Effective for AD Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

Neuroscience Insights, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been applied as an investigational therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The recent largest (N = 135) double-blind study with 6 months post-treatment follow-up investigating rTMS efficacy a treatment AD found about 72% of participants in each group active and sham were positively responsive to (using Magstim AirFilm coils). Since the used coil produced 25.3% peak stimulus, it was hypothesized could evoke measurable response patients. This looks at details above study’s responses determine why how such might occur cerebrovascular symptomatology may have impacted that response. In above-mentioned study, 90 45 patients randomly assigned groups, respectively. Those modified Hachinski Ischemic Scores (HIS) below 2 labeled ADcvd , Analysis primary outcome measure ADAS-Cog score change from baseline follow-ups showed had significantly ( p .034) greater improvement or less decline sessions compared group. Additionally, those persisted longer. Also, there significant .036) individuals stimulation 2-months post-treatment. Overall, stimulus did which more effective than support vascular mechanism likely linked shallower penetration.

Язык: Английский

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The neuroplastic brain: current breakthroughs and emerging frontiers

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149643 - 149643

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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