Approaches to Incidental Intradural Tumors of the Spine in the Pediatric Population

Pediatric Neurosurgery, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 58(5), С. 367 - 378

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Background: Incidental intradural tumors of the spine in pediatric population are rare lesions whose management remains unclear. Surgeons must balance risks iatrogenic deficits and complications after surgical resection against from progressive growth tumor. Moreover, natural history an incidental finding can be difficult to predict. Here, we review literature on present considerations for their management. Summary: Growth tumor or changes radiographic features usually indications resection. Asymptomatic found patients with genetic syndromes that predispose formation, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 2, schwannomatosis, Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome, careful workup a cause is warranted any patient presenting multiple and/or cutaneous features. Close follow-up generally favored given heavy burden; however, some recommend pre-emptive prevent permanent neurological deficits. also occur association hydrocephalus, significant syringomyelia, cord compression, treatment warranted. Tumors may discovered part scoliosis, where they not truly scoliosis but rather contributing curve deformation. Key Messages: Thorough associated comorbidities should undertaken tumors. Further research needed into these lesions. often managed conservatively close follow-up, intervention expanding new-onset symptoms.

Язык: Английский

---

Overcoming Treatment Resistance in Medulloblastoma: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(12), С. 2249 - 2249

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Medulloblastoma is the most frequently encountered malignant brain tumor in pediatric population. The standard of care currently consists surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and multi-agent chemotherapy. However, despite this combination multiple aggressive modalities, recurrence disease remains a substantial concern, treatment resistance rising issue. development results from interplay myriad anatomical properties, cellular processes, molecular pathways, genetic epigenetic alterations. In fact, several efforts have been directed towards domain characterizing major contributors to resistance. Herein, review highlights different mechanisms that drive relapse are implicated occurrence discusses them context latest molecular-based classification medulloblastoma. These include impermeability blood-brain barrier drugs, overactivation specific resistant multipotent nature cancer stem cells, intratumoral intertumoral heterogeneity, metabolic plasticity. Subsequently, we build on explore potential strategies targeted agents can abrogate these mechanisms, undermine resistance, augment medulloblastoma’s response therapeutic modalities.

Язык: Английский

---

Autophagy-associated biomarkers ULK2, UVRAG, and miRNAs miR-21, miR-126, and miR-374: Prognostic significance in glioma patients

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(9), С. e0311308 - e0311308

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

As the pioneering study from Pakistan, our research distinctly focuses on validating roles of autophagy-associated genes and MicroRNAs (miRs) in unique context population for glioma prognosis. The delves into nuanced interplay autophagy within a miR-modulated environment, prompting an exploration its potential impact development survival. Employing real-time PCR (qPCR), we meticulously assessed expression profiles miRs tissues, complemented by immunohistochemistry Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues same patients. Our comprehensive statistical analyses, including data normality hypothesis Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, were tailored to unravel intricate associations specific low- high-grade population. Clinicopathological analysis revealed predominance male patients (66%) with median age 35 years. Glioblastoma (32%) Astrocytoma (36%) most prevalent histopathological subtypes. Molecular showed significant correlations between prognostic markers (Ki-67, IDH-1, p53) clinicopathological factors, age, histological type, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. In glioma, increased AKT miR-21, coupled reduced ULK2 LC3 was observed. While identified strong positive UVRAG, PTEN, miR-7, miR-100 low-grade unveiling distinctive molecular signatures study. Furthermore, moderate emerged mTOR, miR-30, miR-100, miR-204, miR-374, also miR-21 miR-126. Similarly, appeared AKT, LC3, PI3K, ULK1, VPS34, Beclin1, miR-7 miR-374. positively correlated miR-126 weakly miR-30 providing further insights pathway enrichment miR-126, miR-374 MAPK as common along Ras, mTOR pathway. low ULK2, group exhibited significantly poor overall while over-expression indicated prognosis patients, it This provides landscape gliomas, highlighting dysregulation UVRAG associated biomarkers emphasizing their significance shaping outcomes gliomas Pakistani

Язык: Английский

---

Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(10), С. 1201 - 1201

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain cancer characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The redox-sensitive tumor suppressor gene

Язык: Английский

---

Repurposing Antipsychotic Agents Against Targets of Angiogenesis Pathways for Cancer Therapy: An in-silico Approach

Current Drug Discovery Technologies, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Background: Antipsychotics interfere with virtually all hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived (PDGFRs) play crucial roles in angiogenesis represent targets many anti-cancer agents. We assessed compared the binding effects antipsychotics receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) on VEGFR2 PDGFRα. Methods: FDA-approved RTKIs were retrieved from DrugBank. PDGFRα structures obtained Protein Data Bank loaded Biovia Discovery Studio software to remove nonstandard molecules. Molecular docking was carried out using PyRx CBDock determine affinities protein-ligand complexes. Results: Risperidone exerted highest effect (-11.0 Kcal/mol) as other antipsychotic drugs RTKIs. also demonstrated a stronger (-9.6 than RTKIs, pazopanib (-8.7 Kcal/mol), axitinib (-9.3 vandetanib (-8.3 lenvatinib ( -7.6 sunitinib Kcal/mol). Sorafenib (an RTKI), however, exhibited affinity -11.7 Kcal/mol. Conclusion: Risperidone's superior when reference drugs, well its over sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, vandetanib, lenvatinib, imply that it could be repurposed inhibit angiogenic pathways subjected pre-clinical clinical trials for cancer therapy.

Язык: Английский

---