Next-Generation Immunotherapy: Advancing Clinical Applications in Cancer Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(21), С. 6537 - 6537

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2024

Next-generation immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for patients with hard-to-treat tumors. This review focuses on the clinical applications and advancements of key immune-based therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, new vaccines designed to harness system combat malignancies. A prime example is success pembrolizumab in treatment advanced melanoma, underscoring transformative impact these therapies. Combination treatments, integrating immunotherapy chemotherapy, radiation, targeted are demonstrating synergistic benefits improving patient outcomes. also explores evolving role personalized immunotherapy, guided by biomarkers, genomic data, tumor environment, better target individual Although significant progress has been made, challenges such as resistance, side effects, high costs persist. Technological innovations, nanotechnology artificial intelligence, explored future enablers The evaluates trials, breakthroughs, emerging immune-modulating agents delivery systems that hold great promise enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity, expanding access immunotherapy. In conclusion, this highlights ongoing reshaping care, strategies poised overcome current further extend therapeutic reach.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic crossroads: unravelling immune cell dynamics in gastrointestinal cancer drug resistance

Cancer Drug Resistance, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025

Metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in driving drug resistance gastrointestinal cancers (GI), particularly through pathways of fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. Cancer cells often rewire their metabolism to sustain growth reshape TME, creating conditions such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, acidity that impair antitumor immune responses. Immune TME also undergo metabolic alterations, frequently adopting immunosuppressive phenotypes promote progression reduce efficacy therapies. The competition for essential nutrients, glucose, between cancer compromises functions effector cells, T cells. Additionally, by-products like lactate kynurenine further suppress activity populations, including regulatory M2 macrophages. Targeting glycolysis presents new opportunities overcome improve therapeutic outcomes GI cancers. Modulating these key has potential reinvigorate exhausted shift toward phenotypes, enhance effectiveness immunotherapies other treatments. Future strategies will require continued research into metabolism, development novel inhibitors, clinical trials evaluating combination Identifying validating biomarkers be crucial patient stratification treatment monitoring. Insights may have broader implications across multiple types, offering avenues improving treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome Integrity Enhances the Efficacy and Safety of Anticancer Drug

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 422 - 422

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

The intricate relationship between anticancer drugs and the gut microbiome influences cancer treatment outcomes. This review paper focuses on role of integrity in enhancing efficacy safety drug therapy, emphasizing pharmacokinetic interactions microbiota. It explores how disruptions to composition, or dysbiosis, can alter metabolism, immune responses, side effects. By examining mechanisms disruption caused by drugs, this highlights specific case studies like cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, their impact microbial diversity clinical also discusses microbiome-targeted strategies, including prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as promising interventions enhance treatment. Furthermore, potential profiling personalizing therapy integrating these into practice is explored. Finally, proposes future research directions, developing novel biomarkers a deeper comprehension drug-microbiome interactions, respond current gaps knowledge improve patient outcomes care.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Antidiarrheal Effect of Oleuropein Through µ‐Oopioid Receptor Interaction Pathway: In Vivo and in Silico Studies

Drug Development Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 86(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Oleuropein (OLP), a compound predominantly found in olive leaves, has been known for its numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Despite established therapeutic potential, role treating diarrhea not extensively explored. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of OLP an vivo model investigate molecular interactions using silico docking studies, pharmacokinetic predictions, toxicity analysis. In study, castor oil was used induce 3-day-old chicks, effect tested at doses 10 20 mg/kg. The standard drug, loperamide (LOP) 3 mg/kg, comparison. results showed that both significantly (p < 0.05) reduced diarrheal secretions increased latency, with mg/kg dose demonstrating most effective results. combination (20 mg/kg) LOP (3 further enhanced effect. revealed exhibited strong binding affinities (BAs) key receptor, μ-opioid receptor associated diarrhea, while higher BA (‒8.9 kcal/mol) compared (‒8.7 kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetic analysis favorable properties studies no acute toxicity, LD50 2000 conclusion, findings suggest possesses significant potential through interaction, positioning it as promising natural agent managing diarrhea. Further are warranted fully elucidate mechanisms action clinical applicability.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoparticles of Natural Product-derived Medicines: Beyond the Pandemic

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. e42739 - e42739

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due respiratory complications increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines released, leading a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations limited availability effective drugs, vaccines, therapies contribute continuous transmission virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest product-derived antivirals. efficacy traditional medicines against infections examined. Their anti-inflammatory, are highlighted. discusses how enhances herbal combating infections.

Язык: Английский

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Gene expression profiling to uncover prognostic and therapeutic targets in colon cancer, combined with docking and dynamics studies to discover potent anticancer inhibitor

Computational Biology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 115, С. 108349 - 108349

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Structural insights into antibody-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Genomics & Informatics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types primary liver cancer and remains a leading cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. While traditional approaches like surgical resection tyrosine kinase inhibitors struggle against tumor’s immune evasion, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies have emerged as promising alternatives. Several therapeutic antibodies that counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, to FDA approvals for advanced HCC treatment. A crucial aspect advancing these therapies lies understanding structural interactions between their targets. Recent findings indicate mAbs bispecific (bsAbs) can target different, non-overlapping epitopes on checkpoints such PD-1 CTLA-4. This review delves into epitope-paratope structurally unresolved bsAbs, discusses potential combination based epitopes. By leveraging this unique feature, could enhance activation, reduce resistance, improve overall efficacy, marking new direction antibody-based immunotherapy HCC.

Язык: Английский

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Cancer nanomedicine: Smart arsenal in the war against cancer

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 114030 - 114030

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 1988 - 1988

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with significant impact on public health. Current treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advancements in these therapeutic modalities, resistance remains challenge, often leading to failure, poor progression-free survival, recurrence. Mechanisms CRC are multifaceted, involving genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, the microenvironment. Understanding mechanisms at molecular level crucial for identifying novel targets developing strategies overcome resistance. This review provides an overview diverse driving drug sporadic discusses currently under investigation counteract this Several promising being explored, including targeting transport, key signaling pathways, DNA damage response, cell death modifications, stem cells, The integration emerging approaches that target aims enhance efficacy current treatments improve patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Antibody-drug conjugates and radioconjugates targeting carbonic anhydrase IX and XII in hypoxic tumors: Bench to clinical applications

Bioorganic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 108408 - 108408

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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