Amides
are
adaptable
building
blocks
in
synthetic
organic
chemistry
that
have
a
wide
range
of
medicinal
applications.They
also
employed
as
industrial
raw
materials
for
the
wide-ranging
production
engineering
plastics,
detergents,
and
lubricants.A
common
reaction
continues
to
be
one
most
significant
transformations
is
synthesis
amides.Amide
bond
forming
reactions
critical
both
polypeptide
chemistry.Most
current
approaches
amidation
employ
stoichiometric
activating
agents,
but
such
methods
neither
atom
economical
nor
synthetically
elegant.Catalytic
potentially
green
more
ideal
substitutes
standard
thus
subject
this
review.Building
amide
group
crucial
changes
creation
plan
pharmaceutical
sector.In
order
emphasize
recent
developments
"dateless"
reaction,
with
special
focus
on
metal-free
methodologies
review
provides
an
overview
just
relatively
contributions
been
published
previous
few
years.The
present
offers
apt
summary
formation
carboxylic
acid
substrates
by
taking
advantage
several
methods.We
show
mechanisms
representative
detailed
way
numerous
examples
applications
these
bioactive
compounds
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
365(24), С. 4359 - 4391
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Abstract
Amide
bond
construction
has
garnered
significant
interest
in
recent
decades
due
to
amides
being
one
of
the
most
prevalent
functional
groups
among
bioactive
molecules.
Out
thirty‐seven
new
drugs
approved
by
FDA
2022,
eleven
are
small
molecules
containing
at
least
amide
bond.
Additionally,
there
nineteen
large
as
drugs,
some
which
have
peptide
structures,
and
therefore,
also
bear
bonds.
In
years,
multiple
teams
embraced
challenge
developing
more
efficient
methods
for
formation.
This
dedication
led
numerous
publications
appearing
monthly
prestigious
journals,
showcasing
advancements
this
field.
The
primary
goal
review
is
present
viable
strategies
constructing
It
crucial
differentiate
between
formation
synthesis;
hence,
focus
on
describing
specific
forming
C(O)−N
particular,
concentrates
developed
within
last
six
years.
There
a
particular
emphasis
approaches
that
consider
thought
process
when
selecting
starting
materials
groups.
approach
ensures
coverage
all
common
chemical
transformations
yield
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
145(29), С. 15680 - 15687
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023
An
electrochemical
approach
has
been
leveraged
to
underpin
a
new
conceptual
platform
for
dehydration
reactions,
which
demonstrated
in
the
context
of
esterification.
Esters
were
prepared
from
corresponding
acid
and
alcohol
partners
at
room
temperature
without
or
base
additives
consuming
stoichiometric
reagents.
This
methodology
therefore
addresses
key
complications
that
plague
esterification
reactions
more
broadly
represent
leading
challenge
synthetic
chemistry.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
88(14), С. 9853 - 9869
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023
Triarylsilanols
have
been
reported
as
the
first
silicon-centered
molecular
catalysts
for
direct
amidation
of
carboxylic
acids
with
amines
identified
after
a
screen
silanols,
silanediols,
disiloxanediols,
and
incompletely
condensed
silsesquioxanes
potential
homogeneous
catalysts.
Subsequent
synthesis
testing
various
electronically
differentiated
triarylsilanols
tris(p-haloaryl)silanols
more
active
than
parent
triarylsilanol,
where
bromide
congener
is
found
to
be
most
active.
Catalyst
decomposition
can
observed
by
NMR
methods,
but
RPKA
methods
reveal
that
product
inhibition
operative,
tertiary
amides
are
inhibitory
secondary
amides.
Studies
using
an
authentically
synthesized
triaryl
silylester
putative
intermediate
in
catalytic
system
enable
plausible
mechanism
proposed
supported
computationals.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(10), С. 2400 - 2410
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
In
this
study,
we
present
the
first
catalytic
methodology
for
synthesizing
N-methyl
secondary
amides
via
dehydrative
condensation
of
hydroxycarboxylic
acids
with
readily
available
and
safe
aqueous
methylamine,
employing
diboronic
acid
anhydride
(DBAA)
as
catalyst.
DBAA
catalysis
can
also
be
applied
to
direct
amidations
using
ethylamine
or
dimethylamine.
Moreover,
demonstrate
applicability
system
concise
synthesis
eight
biologically
active
compounds
containing
β-amino
alcohol
motifs,
including
halostachine,
synephrine,
longimammine,
phenylephrine,
metanephrine,
normacromerine,
etilefrine,
macromerine.
Herein,
we
report
a
RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3
catalyzed
direct
amidation
of
alcohols
using
readily
available
nitro
compounds
via
catalytic
borrowing
hydrogen
method.
This
reaction
proceeded
cascade
reactions,
including
oxidation
alcohol,
reduction
group
and
formation
amides
under
one-pot
condition.
protocol
provides
single
system
for
many
step
economic
advantage
over
the
techniques,
tolerates
various
functionalities,
was
demonstrated
with
broad
substrate
scope
(47
examples).
A
direct
and
effective
method
for
synthesizing
diaryl
amides
has
been
developed
through
the
photocatalytic
coupling
of
methyl
nitroarenes.
This
employs
FeCl3
as
a
redox-active
photocatalyst
under
mild
conditions
to
enable
selective
benzylic
C-H
activation
concurrent
nitro
group
reduction,
eliminating
necessity
pre-functionalization.
exhibits
broad
substrate
scope,
high
functional
tolerance,
improved
atom
economy,
offering
sustainable
practical
alternative
amide
bond
formation.
Organic Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
25(38), С. 6969 - 6974
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023
A
carbonylation–carboxylation
synthetic
sequence,
via
double
CO2
fixation,
is
described.
The
productive
merger
of
a
Ni-catalyzed
cross-electrophile
coupling
manifold,
with
the
use
AlCl3,
triggered
cascade
reaction
formation
three
consecutive
C–C
bonds
in
single
operation.
This
strategy
traces
an
unprecedented
route
to
ketones
under
Lewis
acid
assisted
carbon
dioxide
valorization.
Computational
insights
revealed
unique
function
and
labeling
(13CO2)
experiments
validate
genuine
incorporation
both
functional
groups.
