Neural interfaces: Bridging the brain to the world beyond healthcare

Exploration, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(5)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Abstract Neural interfaces, emerging at the intersection of neurotechnology and urban planning, promise to transform how we interact with our surroundings communicate. By recording decoding neural signals, these interfaces facilitate direct connections between brain external devices, enabling seamless information exchange shared experiences. Nevertheless, their development is challenged by complexities in materials science, electrochemistry, algorithmic design. Electrophysiological crosstalk mismatch electrode rigidity tissue flexibility further complicate signal fidelity biocompatibility. Recent closed‐loop brain‐computer while promising for mood regulation cognitive enhancement, are limited accuracy adaptability user interfaces. This perspective outlines challenges discusses progress contrasting non‐invasive invasive approaches, explores dynamics stimulation interfacing. Emphasis placed on applications beyond healthcare, highlighting need implantable high‐resolution capabilities.

Язык: Английский

---

Systematic review and meta-analysis of automated methods for quantifying enlarged perivascular spaces in the brain

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 297, С. 120685 - 120685

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2024

Research into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible perivascular spaces (PVS) has recently increased, as results from studies in different diseases and populations are cementing their association with sleep, disease phenotypes, overall health indicators. With the establishment of worldwide consortia availability large databases, computational methods that allow to automatically process all this wealth information becoming increasingly relevant. Several approaches have been proposed assess PVS MRI, efforts made summarise appraise most widely applied ones. We systematically reviewed meta-analysed publications available up September 2023 describing development, improvement, or application quantification MRI. analysed 67 60 applications implementation, 112 publications. The two were use a morphological filter enhance PVS-like structures, Frangi being choice preferred by most, U-Net configuration without residual connections. Older adults population comprising 18 years old onwards were, overall, more frequent than using clinical samples. mainly assessed T2-weighted MRI acquired 1.5T and/or 3T scanners, although combinations it T1-weighted FLAIR images also abundant. Common associations researched included age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, white matter hyperintensities, sleep cognition, occupation-related, ethnicity, genetic/hereditable traits explored. Despite promising improvements overcome barriers such noise differentiation other confounds, need for joined wider testing increasing is now paramount.

Язык: Английский

---

Adverse events reporting of edaravone: a real-world analysis from FAERS database

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2025

For individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), intravenous edaravone is approved as a disease-modifying medication; yet, there have been many reports of adverse events (AEs). We examined the AEs associated in this study using actual data from FDA's (Food and Drug Administration) event reporting system (FAERS). By extracting large-scale FAERS database, used signals edaravone-associated were quantified multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) method based on disproportionality, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), odds ratio (ROR), proportional (PRR). In extracted between April 2017 March 2024, was identified "primary suspect (PS)" 2,986 AE reports. specifically targeted 27 organ types (SOCs). Unexpectedly serious that weren't mentioned drug insert, include abnormal hepatic function, catheter site thrombosis, pain, cerebral hemorrhage, infection, infarction, poor venous access, disseminated intravascular coagulation, vein collapse sinus thrombosis. Our research found possible new may offer substantial backing for clinical surveillance risk assessment, but further validation are needed, especially those occur usage scenarios not yet explicitly described instruction.

Язык: Английский

---

Improving Structural MRI Preprocessing with Hybrid Transformer GANs

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1893 - 1893

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that widely used in practice to evaluate any pathologies the human body. One of areas interest brain. Naturally, MR images are low-resolution and contain noise due signal interference, patient's body's radio-frequency emissions smaller Tesla coil counts machinery. There need solve this problem, as tomographs have capability capturing high-resolution extremely expensive length procedure capture such increases by order magnitude. Vision transformers lately shown state-of-the-art results super-resolution tasks; therefore, we decided whether can employ them for structural MRI tasks. A literature review showed similar methods do not focus on perceptual image quality because upscaled often blurry subjectively poor quality. Knowing this, propose methodology called HR-MRI-GAN, which hybrid transformer generative adversarial network capable increasing resolution removing from 2D T1w slice images. Experiments show our method quantitatively outperforms other SOTA terms generalizing unseen data. During experiments, additionally identified visual saliency-induced index metric applicable assessment general-purpose denoising networks effective when

Язык: Английский

---

Multimodal layer modelling reveals in vivo pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Brain, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 147(3), С. 1087 - 1099

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor control. Current understanding ALS pathology largely based on post-mortem investigations at advanced stages. A systematic in vivo description microstructural changes that characterize early stage ALS, and their subsequent development, so far lacking. Recent advances ultra-high field (7 T) MRI data modelling allow us to investigate cortical layers vivo. Given layer-specific topographic signature pathology, we combined submillimetre structural 7 T (qT1, QSM), functional localizers body parts (upper limb, lower face) layer systematically describe primary cortex (M1), 12 living patients with reference matched controls. Longitudinal sampling was performed for subset patients. We calculated multimodal maps each (superficial layer, 5a, 5b, 6) M1 identify hot spots demyelination, iron calcium accumulation different fields. show preserved mean thickness architecture M1, despite significantly increased 6 5a superficial compared The behaviourally first-affected shows L6 other fields, while atopographic low myelin borders between fields themselves. longitudinal are particularly disrupted spots, but lesser extent precede demyelination. Finally, highlight very slow patient (Patient P4) distinct profile Our markers can be identified single measurement after first diagnosis, such provide critical insights into individual state. non-topographic spread role calcium, rather than accumulation, predicting future also potentially important borders, known connect multiple areas within architecture, spread. very-slow highlights distinction duration progression. findings demonstrate importance histology imaging diagnosis prognosis diseases as ALS.

Язык: Английский

---

Brain–body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(8), С. 475 - 494

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

A patient-derived amyotrophic lateral sclerosis blood-brain barrier model for focused ultrasound-mediated anti-TDP-43 antibody delivery

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with minimally effective treatment options. An important hurdle in ALS drug development the non-invasive therapeutic access to motor cortex currently limited by presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound and microbubble (FUS

Язык: Английский

---

A patient-derived amyotrophic lateral sclerosis blood-brain barrier cell model reveals focused ultrasound-mediated anti-TDP-43 antibody delivery

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with minimally effective treatment options. An important hurdle in ALS drug development the non-invasive therapeutic access to motor cortex currently limited by presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound and microbubble (FUS +MB ) an emerging technology that was successfully used patients temporarily open cortical BBB. However, FUS -mediated delivery across patients’ BBB has not yet been reported. Similarly, effects on human cells remain unexplored. Methods Here we established first -compatible, fully-human patient-cell-derived model based induced brain endothelial-like (iBECs) study anti-TDP-43 antibody bioeffects vitro . Results Generated iBECs recapitulated disease-specific hallmarks pathology, including changes integrity, permeability TDP-43 proteinopathy. Our results also identified differences between sporadic familial ( C9orf72 expansion carrying) reflecting patient heterogeneity associated disease subgroups. Studies these models revealed successful iBEC monolayer opening lack adverse cellular This accompanied molecular expression tight adherens junction markers, transporter inflammatory mediators, generating transient specific responses. Additionally, demonstrated increase (2.7-fold) (1.9-fold) providing proof-of-concept evidence can be enhance large molecule therapeutics model. Conclusions Together, our describes characterisation responses provides platform for screening

Язык: Английский

---

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Automated Methods for Quantifying Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Brain

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Abstract Research into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- visible perivascular spaces (PVS) has recently increased, as results from studies in different diseases and populations are cementing their association with sleep, disease phenotypes, overall health indicators. With the establishment of worldwide consortia availability large databases, computational methods that allow to automatically process all this wealth information becoming increasingly relevant. Several approaches have been proposed assess PVS MRI, efforts made summarise appraise most widely applied ones. We systematically reviewed meta-analysed publications available up September 2023 describing development, improvement, or application quantification MRI. analysed 67 60 applications implementation, 112 publications. The two were use a morphological filter enhance PVS-like structures, Frangi being choice preferred by most, U-Net configuration without residual connections. Older adults population comprising 18 years old onwards were, overall, more frequent than using clinical samples. mainly assessed T2-weighted MRI acquired 1.5T and/or 3T scanners, although combinations it T1-weighted FLAIR images also abundant. Common associations researched included age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, white matter hyperintensities, sleep cognition, occupation-related, ethnicity, genetic/hereditable traits explored. Despite promising improvements overcome barriers such noise differentiation other confounds, need for joined wider testing increasing is now paramount.

Язык: Английский

---

Mind Over Microbes: Investigating the Interplay Between Lifestyle Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Health

Neuroepidemiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 23

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The gut microbiota (GM) of the human body comprises several species microorganisms. This microorganism plays a significant role in physiological and pathophysiological processes various diseases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> literature review includes studies that describe causative factors influence GM. GM is sensitive to like circadian rhythms, environmental agents, physical activity, nutrition, hygiene together impact functioning composition microbiome. affects health host, including psycho-neural aspects, due interconnectivity between brain gut. Hence, this paper examines relationship with neurodegenerative disorders context these aforesaid factors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Future identify regulatory pathways associated microbes can provide causal link degeneration at molecular level. Together, could be helpful designing preventive treatment strategies aimed GM, so diseases treated.

Язык: Английский

---