The role of irisin in exercise-induced muscle and metabolic health: a narrative review

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogen Sulfide and Irisin, Potential Allies in Ensuring Cardiovascular Health

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 543 - 543

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024

Irisin is a myokine secreted under the influence of physical activity and exposure to low temperatures through different exogenous stimuli by cleavage its precursor, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It mainly known for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, promoting browning white adipose tissue, thermogenesis process, glucose homeostasis. Growing experimental evidence suggests possible central role irisin in regulation cardiometabolic pathophysiological processes. On other side, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) well recognized as pleiotropic gasotransmitter that regulates several homeostatic balances physiological functions takes part pathogenesis diseases. Through S-persulfidation cysteine residues, H2S capable interacting with crucial signaling pathways, exerting beneficial effects regulating lipid homeostasis well. seem be intertwined; indeed, recently, was found regulate secretion activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/FNDC5/irisin pathway, they share mechanisms action. Their involvement diseases confirmed detection their lower circulating levels obese diabetic subjects. Along importance disorders, these modulators exert favorable against cardiovascular diseases, preventing incidents hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia–reperfusion injury. This review, first time, aims explore crosstalk pointing out main exerted common molecular pathways involved.

Язык: Английский

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Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Genes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(5), С. 561 - 561

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024

Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and increased fragility with age, is increasing worldwide. The condition often precedes development Alzheimer’s disease, thereby decreasing levels mobility physical activity in those affected. Indeed, has, some studies, been associated an risk disease other dementias. However, a detailed understanding interplay between both conditions not available needs to be thoroughly addressed. In following review, we focus on several genes, specifically APOE, BDNF, ACE, FTO, FNDC5, that have conditions. We also discuss epigenetic regulation each these genes along non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may role sarcopenic phenotypes. Finally, assert application systems biology will unravel relationship sarcopenia believe prevention older age reduce incidence debilitating cognitive decline.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary Insights into Irisin/FNDC5: Roles in Aging and Disease from Drosophila to Mammals

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 261 - 261

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

The Irisin/FNDC5 protein family has emerged as a pivotal link between exercise and the prevention of age-associated diseases. Irisin is highly expressed during from skeletal cardiac muscle cells, playing critical role in mediating systemic health benefits through its actions on various tissues. However, levels decline with age, correlating heightened incidence diseases such weakness, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration. Notably, administration shown significant potential both preventing treating these conditions. Recently, an homolog was identified invertebrate Drosophila model, providing valuable insights into conserved physiology. Importantly, been demonstrated to regulate autophagy—a process essential for clearing excessive nutrients, toxic aggregates, dysfunctional organelles—in flies mammals. Dysregulated autophagy often implicated age-related diseases, highlighting relevance Irisin/FNDC5’s functions. These findings deepen our understanding roles therapeutic target mitigating aging-related decline. Further studies are needed elucidate precise mechanisms by which regulates broader impact physiological aging related

Язык: Английский

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The role and underlying mechanisms of irisin in exercise-mediated cardiovascular protection

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. e18413 - e18413

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024

Irisin, a product of the post-translational processing fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is novel myokine which upregulated during exercise. This hormone not only promotes transformation white adipose tissue into brown-fat-like phenotype but also enhances energy expenditure and mitigates fat accumulation. Its role crucial in management certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes heart disease. Of note, exercise performed significantly affects blood irisin levels, indicating critical physical activity regulating this hormone. article aims to summarize current scientific understanding mechanisms through it mediates cardiovascular protection Moreover, establish potential target for preventing treating diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Irisin: A Multifaceted Hormone Bridging Exercise and Disease Pathophysiology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(24), С. 13480 - 13480

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

The fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), or irisin, is an adipo-myokine hormone produced during exercise, which shows therapeutic potential for conditions like metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review explores its across various pathophysiological processes that are often considered independent. Elevated in healthy states but reduced irisin improves muscle–adipose communication, insulin sensitivity, balance by enhancing mitochondrial function reducing oxidative stress. It promotes osteogenesis mitigates bone loss osteoporosis sarcopenia. Irisin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting NF-κB signaling countering resistance. In the brain, it reduces amyloid-β toxicity, inflammation, stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, cognition synaptic health AD models. also regulates dopamine pathways, potentially alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms depression apathy. By linking physical activity to systemic health, emphasizes role muscle–bone–brain axis. Its multifaceted benefits highlight as a target related with applications prevention, treatment, complement exercise strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Irisin alleviated the reproductive endocrinal disorders of PCOS mice accompanied by changes in gut microbiota and metabolomic characteristics

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Introduction Folliculogenesis and oligo/anovulation are common pathophysiological characteristics in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, it is also accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis. It known that physical activity has beneficial effects on improving metabolism promoting ovulation menstrual cycle disorder PCOS can modulate the gastrointestinal human beings. However, mechanism remains vague. Irisin, a novel myokine, plays positive role mediating of activity. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control group, group PCOS+irisin group. model was induced dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) high-fat diet (HFD). The given irisin 400μg/kg intraperitoneal injection every other day for 21 days. serum sex hormones measured radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin Eosin (H&E) Staining immunohistochemistry (IHC) conducted ovarian tissue. feces metabolomic collected 16S rRNA gene sequencing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Results In this study, we demonstrated supplementation alleviated reproductive endocrine disorders mice, including estrous disturbance, degeneration, hyperandrogenemia. Irisin improved follicles dysplasia disorders, while had no significant effect quality oocytes. Moreover, could mitigate decreased bacteria Odoribacter increased Eisenbergiella Dubosiella mice model. alleviate fecal metabolites: Methallenestril PS (22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/ LTE4). Conclusion These results suggest may status modulating androgen-induced dysbiosis metabolites. Hence, our study provided evidence be considered as promising strategy treatment PCOS.

Язык: Английский

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The Effect of Hypoxia on Irisin Expression in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes

In Vivo, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(5), С. 2126 - 2133

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, 523 million people were diagnosed with CVD, 18.6 deaths. Improved treatment and diagnostics could reduce CVD's impact. Irisin (Ir) is crucial for heart function may be a biomarker attack. Ir glycoprotein sugar residues attached to its protein structure. This glycosylation affects stability, solubility, receptor interactions on target cells. Its secondary structure includes fibronectin type III domain, essential biological functions. helps cardiomyocytes respond hypoxia protects mitochondria. The aim study was determine FNDC5 gene expression level in HL-1 subjected hypoxia.

Язык: Английский

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Succinic Acid Improves the Metabolism of High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice and Promotes White Adipose Browning

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(22), С. 3828 - 3828

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024

Succinic acid plays a crucial role as an essential intermediate in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic cycle mitochondria. In recent years, growing evidence has supported important of succinic fat metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin sensitivity high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice try explore its potential mechanism. We found that addition (40 mM) drinking water inhibited hypertrophy inguinal white (iWAT) HFD-induced mice. Furthermore, supplementation enhanced improved their glucose tolerance Interestingly, lipid HFD-fed mice, shown by decreased serum levels TG, TC, LDL-C, increased HDL-C. addition, expression browning markers mitochondria-related genes iWAT. Further studies showed promotes iWAT activating PI3K-AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. These results suggest be used effective component for dietary intervention may, therefore, play ameliorating preventing obesity associated metabolic diseases caused HFD.

Язык: Английский

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Irisin Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Low Levels of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 1615 - 1615

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Background: Despite existing evidence of the high predictive value natriuretic peptides (NPs) in patients with heart failure (HF), treated guideline-directed therapy who have low or near-normal NP levels are unlikely to be correctly stratified for risk clinical outcomes. The aim this study is detect plausible predictors poor one-year outcomes HFpEF and NT-proBNP accordance conventional guidelines. Methods: A total 337 HF preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) had N-terminal pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) at discharge due optimal guideline-based were enrolled study. course observation was 3 years. Echocardiography assessment hematological biochemical parameters, including NT-proBNP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adropin, irisin, visfatin, fetuin-A, performed baseline end Results: Three-year cumulative endpoints (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction unstable angina acute coronary syndrome, worsening HF, sudden cardiac cardiac-related surgery all-cause death) detected 104 patients, whereas 233 did not meet endpoint. After adjusting an age ≥ 64 years a presence atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–3 dilated cardiomyopathy, multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that irisin level ≤7.2 ng/mL independent predictor Moreover, > 7.2 better Kaplan–Meier survival rate than those lower serum (≤7.2 ng/mL). Conclusions: Multivariable years; CKD cardiomyopathy; LAVI 39 mL/m2; hs-CRP 6.10 mg/L, ≤ ng/mL, visfatin 1.1 NT-proBNP. could emerge as valuable biomarker predicting long-term prognosis among

Язык: Английский

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