The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 5749 - 5749

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes polyphenols, which synergistically enhance pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, rectal, provide flexibility treatment delivery. This review shows the efficacy managing neurological such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, clinical trials, it highlights alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, improving overall quality life for patients. Understanding mechanisms can open up possibilities using this plant individual needs.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of the Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Drugs and Cannabis Products in Humans

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 319 - 319

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. Recent years have seen an increase in cannabis consumption, and with new approvals therapeutic indications, there are challenges minimizing risks interactions between cannabis-based products, prescription drugs, other approved substances of abuse. Thus, identifying enzymes metabolizing cannabinoid drugs their relationship crucial for understanding potential effects simultaneous use. This article offers a comprehensive review pharmacokinetic as well It also compiles existing evidence these describes clinical outcomes associated inhibition or induction various enzymes.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic review of drug-drug interactions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and Cannabis

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

The recent exponential increase in legalized medical and recreational cannabis, development of cannabis programs, production unregulated over-the-counter products (e.g., cannabidiol (CBD) oil, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC)), has the potential to create unintended health consequences. major cannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol) are metabolized by same cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize most prescription medications xenobiotics (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19). As a result, we predict there will be instances drug-drug interactions for adverse outcomes, especially with narrow therapeutic index. We conducted systematic review all years 2023 identify real world reports documented cannabinoid medications. limited our search set list predicted indices may produce drug reactions (ADRs). Our team screened 4,600 selected 151 full-text articles assess inclusion exclusion criteria. investigation revealed 31 which altered pharmacokinetics and/or produced events. These involved 16 different Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) medications, under six classes, 889 individual subjects 603 cannabis/cannabinoid users. Interactions between cannabis/cannabinoids warfarin, valproate, tacrolimus, sirolimus were widely reported pose greatest risk patients. Common ADRs included bleeding risk, mental status, difficulty inducing anesthesia, gastrointestinal distress. Additionally, identified 18 (58%) clinicians uncovered an unexpected serum level prescribed drug. quality pharmacokinetic evidence each report was assessed using internally developed ten-point scale. Drug-drug likely amongst use common CYP450 systems. findings highlight need healthcare providers patients/care-givers openly communicate about prevent To end, have free online tool (www.CANN-DIR.psu.edu) help

Язык: Английский

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Predicting therapy dropout in chronic pain management: a machine learning approach to cannabis treatment

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Chronic pain affects approximately 30% of the global population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their widespread use, traditional pharmacological treatments, such as opioids and NSAIDs, often fail to deliver adequate, long-term relief while exposing patients risks addiction adverse side effects. Given these limitations, medical cannabis has emerged promising therapeutic alternative with both analgesic anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical efficacy is hindered by high interindividual variability in treatment response elevated dropout rates. A comprehensive dataset integrating genetic, clinical, information was compiled from 542 Caucasian undergoing cannabis-based for chronic pain. machine learning (ML) model developed validated predict therapy dropout. To identify most influential factors driving dropout, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis performed. The random forest classifier demonstrated robust performance, achieving mean accuracy 80% maximum 86%, an AUC 0.86. SHAP revealed that final VAS scores THC dosages were predictors strongly correlated increased likelihood discontinuation. In contrast, baseline benefits, CBD dosages, CC genotype rs1049353 polymorphism CNR1 gene associated improved adherence. Our findings highlight potential ML pharmacogenetics personalize therapies, improving adherence enabling more precise management This research paves way development tailored strategies maximize benefits minimizing

Язык: Английский

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EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CANNABINOIDS IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHIC PAIN (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU), Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1), С. 158 - 166

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Background. Neuropathic pain is a debilitating syndrome that underlies phantom pain, in particular - due to combat trauma. Phantom neuropathic affects 45-85% of patients who have undergone limb amputations or spinal cord injury. Less than half manage achieve significant relief with pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. Taking opioid drugs accompanied by many undesirable side effects. Aim: review current data on the possibility using cannabinoids treatment chronic pain. Materials methods. Analysis presented PubMed, keywords “neuropathic pain”, “cannabinoids”, “efficacy”, “safety”. Results. The bioavailability main psychoactive component marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), orally only 6% (due intensive presystemic metabolism intestinal wall influence drug transporters P-gp BCRP), while when smoked it 25%, inhaled 10–35%. pharmacokinetics another component, cannabidiol (CBD), do not differ significantly. Therefore, cannabis inhaled, acute relieved, provides long-lasting effect, which advisable use for constant THC/CBD ratio gradual increase its dose are great importance. An anonymous survey 227 traumatic injury showed 87.9%, reduced intensity more 30%. majority participants (83.3%) indicated they had replaced their analgesic medications (including opioids gabapentinoids) cannabis. number needed treat 30% reduction 2.9-3.2 medium low doses Conclusion. Medical preparations proven effectiveness correction corresponds opioids, risk adverse reactions significantly lower. It necessary take into account features clinical course disease choose route administration, initial rate titration therapy minimize

Язык: Английский

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COMT Genetic Variants and BDNF Level Associations with Cannabinoid Plasma Exposure: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Xenobiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 66 - 66

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

Cannabis sativa L. shows potent anti-inflammatory activity, resulting in an interesting pharmacological option for pain management. The aim of the study was to evaluate association between pharmacogenetics, neurological and inflammatory biomarkers, cannabinoid plasma exposure patients treated with cannabis. A total 58 a diagnosis neuropathic chronic medical cannabis were analyzed. administered as decoction (n = 47) inhaled 11): 30 high THC, while 28 reduced THC (plus CBD). Cannabinoid concentrations obtained UHPLC-MS/MS. Allelic discrimination assessed by real-time PCR. Inflammation biomarkers (e.g., interleukin-10) analyzed ELISA, neurofilaments light chain (NFL), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Single Molecule Array. statistically significant difference IL-10 (p 0.009) BDNF 0.004) levels observed comparing NFL results correlated concentrations. Concerning genetics, COMT 680 T>C genetic variant influences levels, including Δ9-THC 0.017). Conclusions: This possible impact some variants on exposure, other than role inflammation-related neuronal impairment levels. Further studies larger cohorts are required.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding epilepsy treatment: A comparative evaluation contrasting cannabidiol pharmacokinetics in adult and paediatric populations

Chemico-Biological Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 394, С. 110988 - 110988

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by overstimulation of neurotransmitters and uncontrolled seizures. Current medications for epilepsy result in adverse effects or insufficient seizure control, highlighting the necessity to develop alternative therapies. Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from cannabis plants, has been popularly explored as an alternative. CBD shown have anti-convulsivatng muscle-relaxing properties, which used patients with promising results. research explores varying dosages either adult paediatric patients, little no comparison between two populations. In this review, we aim at consolidating data comparing effect pharmacokinetic properties across these patient When absorption, there was show differences patients. Similarly, limited information available distribution CBD, but higher volume found population. From metabolism perspective, population had greater success rate when treated drug compared elimination, were clear distinctions clearance The drug's half-life highly variable both populations, paediatrics having lower range than adults. summary, more significant reduction severity seizures upon treatment. complexity operates highlights need further studies compound understand why occur

Язык: Английский

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Supporting Machine Learning Model in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1776 - 1776

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Conventional therapy options for chronic pain are still insufficient and patients most frequently request alternative medical treatments, such as cannabis. Although clinical evidence supports the use of cannabis pain, very little is known about efficacy, dosage, administration methods, or side effects widely used accessible products. A possible solution could be given by pharmacogenetics, with identification several polymorphic genes that may play a role in pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics Based on these findings, data from treated genotyped candidate (single-nucleotide polymorphism: SNP) were collected, integrated, analyzed through machine learning (ML) model to demonstrate reduction intensity closely related gene polymorphisms. Starting patient's method therapeutic process, avoiding ineffective results occurrence effects. Our findings suggest ML prediction has potential positively influence pharmacogenomics facilitate translation genomic profile into useful knowledge.

Язык: Английский

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Supporting gut health with medicinal cannabis in people with advanced cancer: potential benefits and challenges

British Journal of Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 130(1), С. 19 - 30

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023

Abstract The side effects of cancer therapy continue to cause significant health and cost burden the patient, their friends family, governments. A major barrier in way which these are managed is highly siloed mentality that results a fragmented approach symptom control. Increasingly, it appreciated many symptoms manifestations common underlying pathobiology, with changes gastrointestinal environment key driver for sequelae. Breakdown mucosal (mucositis) early effect anti-cancer agents, known contribute (in part) range burdensome such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, infection, malnutrition, fatigue, depression, insomnia. Here, we outline rationale how, based on its already documented microenvironment, medicinal cannabis could be used control mucositis prevent constellation associated. We will provide brief update current state evidence care potential benefits (and challenges) using during active therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Non-linear plasma protein binding of cannabidiol

Journal of Cannabis Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Abstract Background Cannabidiol is highly bound to plasma proteins. Changes in its protein binding can lead altered unbound concentrations and result alteration of pharmacological activity cannabidiol-containing medications. This research has assessed non-linearity cannabidiol the potential effect tizoxanide on binding. Method was evaluated by ultrafiltration technique. Human spiked with stock solution produce samples various concentrations. For interaction study interactant added each sample. All were processed through Amicon Micropartition system analyzed HPLC. Results The detected borosilicate glass (9%) polyethylene plastics (15%). In mean fraction 0.05 (5%), indicating no between since without also 5%. more than 2-fold greater at high compared low Conclusion a). At non-linear. affect elimination medicinal drugs. b). Borosilicate containers should be avoided formulation, packing administration medicines guarantee correct doses. c). medications co-administered caution.

Язык: Английский

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