Limitations and Challenges of Antioxidant Therapy DOI
Haitham Al‐Madhagi,

Anwar Masoud

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024

ABSTRACT Our bodies are constantly exposed to or producing free radicals nearly on a daily basis. These highly reactive molecules generated through variety of internal and external processes pathways within the body. If these not neutralized by antioxidants, they can lead state oxidative stress, which has been linked wide range severe debilitating disorders affecting various systems in human This involves neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, inflammation, aging. Thankfully, body is armed with repertoire powerful antioxidants different natures modes action. The recent decades witnessed publication enormous papers proving antioxidant activity novel synthesized compound, plant extract, purified drug vitro, vivo, even beings. However, efficacy therapies clinical trials, including selenium, vitamin C, E, A, notably inconsistent. inconsistency be primarily ascribed factors related nature radical generation, purpose specific type therapy employed, intricate stress connected network, among others. Collectively, will explored this review article decipher observed shortcomings application settings.

Язык: Английский

Additive Effects of Glutathione in Improving Antibiotic Efficacy in HIV–M.tb Co-Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review DOI Creative Commons

Leena Nabipur,

Michael Mouawad,

Vishwanath Venketaraman

и другие.

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1), С. 127 - 127

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Background: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection poses a significant health challenge, particularly when involving the central nervous system (CNS), where it leads to severe morbidity mortality. Current treatments face challenges such as drug resistance, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), persistent inflammation. Glutathione (GSH) has therapeutic potential enhance treatment outcomes by improving antibiotic efficacy, reducing inflammation, mitigating dysfunction. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Elsevier, WHO, related databases. Inclusion criteria focused on preclinical clinical research examining GSH or its precursors in HIV, TB, co-infection, with emphasis microbial control, modulation, CNS-related outcomes. Results: Preclinical showed that improves macrophage antimicrobial function, reduces oxidative stress, limits Mycobacterium (M.tb) growth. Animal models demonstrated reduced bacterial burden lungs, liver, spleen supplementation, along enhanced granuloma stability. Clinical highlighted increased TH1 cytokine production, markers, improved CD4+ T cell counts HIV–M.tb co-infected patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), precursor, was shown significantly efficacy first-line TB antibiotics mitigate treatment-associated toxicity. Discussion: shows promise an adjunct therapy for cases CNS, may improve recovery reduce However, evidence is limited small sample sizes lack randomized trials. Future should focus developing CNS-directed formulations evaluating integration into current protocols address dual ultimately patient

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Elevated Methylglyoxal: An Elusive Risk Factor Responsible for Early-Onset Cardiovascular Diseases in People Living with HIV-1 Infection DOI Creative Commons
Ramasamy Mahendran,

Zachary L. Venn,

Fadhel A. Alomar

и другие.

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 547 - 547

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

People living with HIV (PLWH) develop cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) about a decade earlier and at rates 2–3 times higher than the general population. At present, pharmacological strategies to delay onset of CVDs in PLWH are unavailable, part because an incomplete understanding its molecular causes. We others recently uncovered elevated levels toxic glycolysis inflammation-induced byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) plasma from HIV-infected humanized mice (Hu-mice). also found reduction expression primary MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase I (Glo-I) autopsied cardiac tissues HIV-1-infected individuals Hu-mice. Increasing Glo-I Hu-mice not only attenuated heart failure but reduced endothelial cell damage, increased density perfused microvessels, prevented microvascular leakage micro-ischemia, blunted protein vascular protein-1 (VAP-1), key mediators CVDs. In this narrative review, we posit that MG is contributing cause for early PLWH. Pharmacological prevent accumulation development early-onset discussed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Limitations and Challenges of Antioxidant Therapy DOI
Haitham Al‐Madhagi,

Anwar Masoud

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024

ABSTRACT Our bodies are constantly exposed to or producing free radicals nearly on a daily basis. These highly reactive molecules generated through variety of internal and external processes pathways within the body. If these not neutralized by antioxidants, they can lead state oxidative stress, which has been linked wide range severe debilitating disorders affecting various systems in human This involves neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, inflammation, aging. Thankfully, body is armed with repertoire powerful antioxidants different natures modes action. The recent decades witnessed publication enormous papers proving antioxidant activity novel synthesized compound, plant extract, purified drug vitro, vivo, even beings. However, efficacy therapies clinical trials, including selenium, vitamin C, E, A, notably inconsistent. inconsistency be primarily ascribed factors related nature radical generation, purpose specific type therapy employed, intricate stress connected network, among others. Collectively, will explored this review article decipher observed shortcomings application settings.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2