Sensors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(14), С. 4724 - 4724
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2024
This
study
proposes
wide-band
frequency
selective
surfaces
(FSS)
with
polarization-independent
characteristics
that
are
tailored
for
IoT
applications.
The
design
consists
of
two
different
layers
band-stop
target
key
bands
in
sub-6
GHz:
3.7
GHz
(n77)
and
4.5
(n79),
offering
a
1.39
bandwidth
spanning
from
3.61
to
5.0
GHz.
also
presents
double-layer
structure
WB
property
fractional
32%.
Simulations
have
been
conducted
observe
variations
insertion
loss
across
incident
polarization
angles
ranging
0
60
degrees
both
TE
TM
modes
the
suggested
FSS
structures.
These
simulations
demonstrate
design's
independence.
Transparent
polyvinyl
chloride
dielectric
constant
2.77
thickness
1.48
mm
has
utilized
as
substrate
material.
optical
transmittance
is
calculated
be
96.7%
Layer
1,
95.7%
2,
92.4%
structure,
these
values
were
found
higher
compared
studies
literature.
proposed
well-suited
applications
due
their
high
transparency,
cost-effectiveness,
robust
high-performance
capabilities
suppression,
features.
results
3D
full-wave
measurement
equivalent
circuit
model
outcomes,
good
agreement
between
was
observed.
Sensors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(6), С. 1888 - 1888
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
In
the
rapidly
evolving
landscape
of
wireless
communication,
each
successive
generation
networks
has
achieved
significant
technological
leaps,
profoundly
transforming
way
we
connect
and
interact.
From
analog
simplicity
1G
to
digital
prowess
5G,
journey
mobile
been
marked
by
constant
innovation
escalating
demands
for
faster,
more
reliable,
efficient
communication
systems.
As
5G
becomes
a
global
reality,
laying
foundation
an
interconnected
world,
quest
even
advanced
leads
us
threshold
sixth-generation
(6G)
era.
This
paper
presents
hierarchical
exploration
6G
networks,
poised
at
forefront
next
revolution
in
technology.
study
delves
into
advancements
that
underpin
need
6G,
examining
its
key
features,
benefits,
enabling
technologies.
We
dissect
intricacies
cutting-edge
innovations
like
terahertz
ultra-massive
MIMO,
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
machine
learning
(ML),
quantum
reconfigurable
intelligent
surfaces.
Through
meticulous
analysis,
evaluate
strengths,
weaknesses,
state-of-the-art
research
these
areas,
offering
wider
view
current
progress
potential
applications
networks.
Central
our
discussion
is
transformative
role
AI
shaping
future
By
integrating
ML,
are
expected
offer
unprecedented
capabilities,
from
enhanced
broadband
groundbreaking
areas
smart
cities
autonomous
integration
heralds
new
era
intelligent,
self-optimizing
promise
redefine
parameters
connectivity
interaction.
also
address
critical
challenges
deployment
hurdles
regulatory
concerns,
providing
holistic
assessment
barriers.
highlighting
interplay
between
technologies,
this
maps
out
lights
path
forward
domain.
aims
be
cornerstone
resource,
essential
insights,
addressing
unresolved
questions,
stimulating
further
investigation
multifaceted
realm
synergy
aim
illuminate
field.
Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(5), С. 1876 - 1876
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
paper
explores
the
intricate
integration
of
biosensors
with
multi-hop
Internet
Things
(IoT)
systems,
representing
a
paradigm
shift
in
healthcare
through
real-time
remote
patient
monitoring.
The
strategic
deployment
different
locations
medical
facilities,
intricately
connected
to
multiple
microcontrollers,
serves
as
cornerstone
establishment
robust
IoT
networks.
highlights
role
this
network,
which
efficiently
facilitates
seamless
transmission
vital
health
data
centralized
server.
Crucially,
utilization
cloud
connectivity
emerges
linchpin
integration,
providing
secure
and
scalable
platform
for
cloud-based
approach
not
only
improves
accessibility
critical
information
but
also
transcends
physical
limitations,
allowing
providers
monitor
patients
from
any
location.
transformative
potential
overcoming
traditional
limitations
With
the
rapid
rise
of
digitalization
in
global
economy,
home
security
systems
have
become
increasingly
important
for
personal
comfort
and
property
protection.
The
collaboration
between
humans,
Internet
Things
(IoT),
smart
homes
can
be
highly
efficient.
Interaction
considers
convenience,
efficiency,
security,
responsiveness,
automation.
This
study
aims
to
develop
assess
IoT-based
utilizing
passive
infrared
(PIR)
sensors
improve
user
interface,
automation
controls
using
voice
commands
buttons
across
different
communication
protocols.
proposed
system
incorporates
lighting
intrusion
monitoring,
as
well
assessing
both
functionality
precision
intruder
detection
via
PIR
sensors.
Intelligent
light
control
with
a
variable
delay
time
response
are
unified
into
research
methodology.
test
outcomes
examine
average
effective
in-depth,
revealing
performance
distinctions
among
wireless
fidelity
(Wi-Fi)
fourth-
fifth-generation
mobile
connections.
illustrate
reliability
voice-activated
Google
Assistant,
accuracy
rates
83
percent
Thai
91.50
English
commands.
Moreover,
Blynk
application
provided
exceptional
regarding
operating
light-button
motion
detectors
one
hundred
accuracy,
2.5
s
is
advised
detection.
Extended
delays
result
prolonged
times.
examines
intricacies
times
various
environmental
conditions,
considering
degrees
quality.
ultimately
advances
field
by
developing
an
IoT
prepared
efficient
integration
everyday
life,
holding
potential
provide
improved
time-saving
effectiveness,
cost-efficiency,
enhanced
Sensors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(8), С. 2509 - 2509
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2024
The
Internet
of
Things
(IoT)
will
bring
about
the
next
industrial
revolution
in
Industry
4.0.
communication
aspect
IoT
devices
is
one
most
critical
factors
choosing
device
that
suitable
for
use.
Thus
far,
physical
layer
challenges
have
been
met
with
various
communications
protocols
provide
varying
strengths
and
weaknesses.
This
paper
summarizes
network
architectures
some
popular
wireless
protocols.
It
also
presents
a
comparative
analysis
features,
including
power
consumption,
coverage,
data
rate,
security,
cost,
quality
service
(QoS).
study
shows
low-power
wide
area
(LPWAN)-based
(LoRa,
Sigfox,
NB-IoT,
LTE-M)
are
more
future
applications
because
their
energy
efficiency,
high
cost
efficiency.
In
addition,
an
Industrial
(IIoT)
application
perspective
on
suitability
LPWAN
particular
scenario
addresses
open
issues
need
to
be
researched.
Thus,
this
can
assist
deciding
protocol
production
field.
Buildings,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(11), С. 3446 - 3446
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024
The
use
of
Internet
Things
(IoT)
technology
is
crucial
for
improving
energy
efficiency
in
smart
buildings,
which
could
minimize
global
consumption
and
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
IoT
applications
numerous
sensors
to
integrate
diverse
building
systems,
facilitating
intelligent
operations,
real-time
monitoring,
data-informed
decision-making.
This
critical
analysis
the
features
adoption
frameworks
buildings
carefully
investigates
various
that
enhance
management,
operational
efficiency,
occupant
comfort.
Research
indicates
may
decrease
by
as
much
30%
operating
expenses
20%.
paper
provides
a
comprehensive
review
significant
obstacles
including
substantial
initial
expenditures
(averaging
15%
project
budgets),
data
security
issues,
complexity
system
integration.
Recommendations
are
offered
tackle
these
difficulties,
emphasizing
need
established
processes
improved
coordination
across
stakeholders.
insights
provided
seek
influence
future
research
initiatives
direct
academic
community
construction
engineering
management
about
appropriate
buildings.
study
resource
academics
practitioners
aiming
development
implementation
solutions
sector.
Computers,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 58 - 58
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025
The
Internet
of
Things
(IoT)
ecosystem
is
rapidly
expanding.
It
driven
by
continuous
innovation
but
accompanied
increasingly
sophisticated
cybersecurity
threats.
Protecting
IoT
devices
from
these
emerging
vulnerabilities
has
become
a
critical
priority.
This
study
addresses
the
limitations
existing
threat
detection
methods,
which
often
struggle
with
dynamic
nature
environments
and
growing
complexity
cyberattacks.
To
overcome
challenges,
novel
hybrid
architecture
combining
Convolutional
Neural
Networks
(CNN),
Bidirectional
Long
Short-Term
Memory
(BiLSTM),
Deep
(DNN)
proposed
for
accurate
efficient
detection.
model’s
performance
evaluated
using
IoT-23
Edge-IIoTset
datasets,
encompass
over
ten
distinct
attack
types.
framework
achieves
remarkable
99%
accuracy
on
both
outperforming
state-of-the-art
solutions.
Advanced
optimization
techniques,
including
model
pruning
quantization,
are
applied
to
enhance
deployment
efficiency
in
resource-constrained
environments.
results
highlight
robustness
its
adaptability
diverse
scenarios,
address
key
prior
approaches.
research
provides
robust
solution
detection,
establishing
foundation
advancing
security
addressing
evolving
landscape
cyber
threats
while
driving
future
innovations
field.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(5), С. 1186 - 1186
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
Cities
host
over
50%
of
the
world’s
population
and
account
for
nearly
75%
energy
consumption
80%
global
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Consequently,
ensuring
a
smart
way
to
organize
cities
is
paramount
quality
life
efficiency
resource
use,
with
emphasis
on
use
management
energy,
under
context
trilemma,
where
objectives
sustainability,
security,
affordability
need
be
balanced.
Electrification
associated
renewable
generation
increasingly
seen
as
most
efficient
reduce
impact
GHG
emissions
natural
depletion.
poses
significant
challenges
development
electrical
infrastructure,
requiring
deployment
Smart
Grids,
which
emerge
key
Cities.
Our
review
targets
intersection
between
Grids.
Several
components
City
in
Grids
are
reviewed,
including
elements
such
metering,
IoT,
sources
other
distributed
resources,
grid
monitoring,
artificial
intelligence,
electric
vehicles,
or
buildings.
Case
studies
pilots
metrics
concerning
existing
deployments
identified.
A
portfolio
16
solutions
that
may
contribute
bringing
Grid
level
city
urban
settings
identified,
well
11
gaps
effective
deployment.
We
place
these
trilemma
Architecture
Model.
posit
depending
characteristics
setting,
size,
location,
geography,
mix
economic
activities,
topology,
appropriate
set
can
an
indicative
roadmap
built.
