Abstract
This
study
investigates
the
characteristics
and
fractionation
of
rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
in
weathered
products
granite
from
South
Bangka,
Indonesia.
Samples
were
collected
two
drill
holes
(TBKP‐30
TBKP‐38)
at
depths
ranging
0.5
to
18
m.
Analytical
methods,
including
X‐ray
diffraction
(XRD),
fluorescence
(XRF),
inductively
coupled
plasma
mass
spectrometry
(ICP‐MS),
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM‐EDS),
used
examine
mineral
compositions
REE
distribution.
The
parent
is
an
S‐type
biotite
with
total
concentrations
between
1081
1279
ppm.
dominant
REE‐bearing
minerals
are
REE‐fluorocarbonates
(synchysite,
parisite)
REE‐phosphates
(apatite,
monazite,
xenotime),
accompanied
by
REE‐silicates
(allanite,
thorite,
zircon).
Fluorocarbonates
occur
filling
grain
boundaries
parental
granite,
suggesting
later
overprinting.
Monazite,
xenotime,
zircon
identified
as
part
crystal
lattice
residual
both
profiles.
TBKP‐30,
has
significantly
depleted
REEs
high
intensity
degree
weathering
occurrence
gibbsite
minerals.
TBKP‐38,
cerium
enrichment
lower
profile,
caused
fixation
into
cerianite
and/or
it
incorporation
Fe‐Mn
hydr(oxides)
along
kaolinite
highlights
patterns
a
potential
indicator
intensity,
providing
insights
crucial
for
exploration
deposits
development
sustainable
extraction
methods.
Journal of Xenobiotics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 46 - 46
Опубликована: Март 20, 2025
Rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
are
increasingly
present
in
the
environment
owing
to
their
extensive
use
modern
industries,
yet
interactions
with
plants
remain
poorly
understood.
This
review
explores
soil–plant
continuum
of
REEs,
focusing
on
geochemical
behavior
soil,
mechanisms
plant
uptake,
and
fractionation
processes.
While
REEs
not
essential
for
metabolism,
they
interact
structures
interfere
normal
functioning
biological
macromolecules.
Accordingly,
influence
fundamental
physiological
functions
is
reviewed,
including
calcium-mediated
signalling
morphogenesis.
Special
attention
paid
interaction
photosynthetic
machinery
and,
particularly,
thylakoid
membrane.
By
examining
both
beneficial
effects
at
low
concentrations
toxicity
higher
levels,
this
provides
some
mechanistic
insights
into
hormetic
action
REEs.
It
recommended
that
future
research
should
address
knowledge
gaps
related
bioavailability
plants,
as
well
short-
long-range
transport
responsible
REE
fractionation.
A
better
understanding
REE–plant
will
be
critical
regard
assessing
ecological
impact
potential
risks
terms
agricultural
natural
ecosystems,
ensure
benefits
using
expense
environmental
integrity
or
human
health.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
980, С. 179386 - 179386
Опубликована: Май 3, 2025
This
review
explores
the
multifaceted
aspects
of
sustainable
extraction
rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
bearing
minerals
within
Europe,
stressing
exploitation
local
deposits,
that
together
with
integration
cleaner
and
greener
approaches
(including
circular
economy
approaches)
might
help
to
reduce
dependency
on
imports
contribute
a
economy.
The
mineralogical
characteristics
distribution
REEs
in
European
deposits
are
examined,
alongside
current
emerging
beneficiation
techniques
aimed
at
enhancing
efficiency
sustainability.
Key
challenges,
such
as
mineral
complexities
(technological
economic
limitations),
radiochemical
environmental
impacts,
well
social
acceptance,
critically
assessed.
Innovative
new
aim
be
applied
mainly
primary
sources
(mineral
deposits)
but
also
secondary
(secondary
raw
materials)
presented
suggested
for
extraction.
Finally,
Europe's
over-dependence
foreign
countries
prospects
discussed,
outlining
strategic
roadmap
achieving
economically
viable
practices
Europe.
comprehensive
holistic
analysis
stresses
importance
an
integrated
approach
combines
developing
unexploited
resources
boosting
recycling
initiatives,
technological
innovation,
implementing
standards
community
engagement
foster
REE
supply
chain
Minerals,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(5), С. 533 - 533
Опубликована: Май 17, 2025
The
growing
demand
for
rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
in
high-tech
and
green
energy
sectors
has
prompted
renewed
exploration
of
unconventional
sources.
Drill
cuttings,
which
are
commonly
discarded
during
subsurface
drilling,
increasingly
recognized
as
a
potentially
valuable,
underutilized
secondary
REE
reservoir.
This
review
adopts
mineral-first
lens
to
assess
occurrence,
extractability,
recovery
strategies
from
drill
cuttings
across
various
lithologies.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
how
REEs
associate
with
specific
mineral
host
phases
ranging
ion-adsorbed
clays
organically
bound
forms
structurally
integrated
phosphates,
each
dictating
distinct
leaching
pathways.
impact
drilling
fluids
surface
chemistry
integrity
critically
examined,
alongside
an
evaluation
analytical
extraction
methods
tailored
different
phases.
A
scenario-based
qualitative
techno-economic
assessment
novel
decision-tree
framework
introduced
align
mineralogy
optimal
strategies.
Limitations
prior
studies,
particularly
characterization
workflows
mineralogical
misalignment
protocols,
highlighted.
redefines
industrial
waste
strategic
resource,
advocating
mineralogically
guided
approaches
enhance
sustainability
the
critical
supply
chain.
Nanotoxicology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 14
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2025
The
intensive
use
of
rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
raises
concerns
about
their
effects
on
soil
organisms,
particularly
under
mixture
exposure
scenarios.
This
study
evaluated
the
toxicity
lanthanum
oxide
(La2O3)
and
yttrium
(Y2O3)
nanoparticles
(NPs)
bulk
forms
Folsomia
candida.
Single
(0-2500
mg/kg)
dual
exposures
were
tested
for
survival,
reproduction,
avoidance
behavior,
biochemical
markers.
No
survival
behavior
observed.
NPs
more
toxic
than
forms.
La2O3
reduced
reproduction
(≥
1250
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE)
activity
(2500
mg/kg),
whereas
Y2O3
exhibited
greatest
toxicity,
reducing
313
increasing
catalase
(CAT)
(156
625
glutathione
reductase
(GR)
(625
2500
activities.
Mixture
revealed
complex
interactions
(synergism,
antagonism,
or
no
interaction),
with
depending
concentration,
endpoint,
material
form.
Besides,
higher
number
endpoints
affected
by
exposures,
but
dissimilar
responses
observed
different
concentrations:
mg/kg
+
decreased
increased
GR,
S-transferases
(GST)
AChE
activities;
CAT,
GST
GR
activity;
156
activity,
lipid
peroxidation
levels.
highlights
that
REE
mixtures,
can
pose
risks
to
organisms
emphasizes
need
include
in
risk
assessments.
Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(17), С. 4323 - 4323
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2024
The
aim
of
the
research
was
to
assess
potential
bottom
ash
from
Polish
coal-fired
power
plants
as
an
alternative
source
rare
earth
elements
(REY).
these
ashes
compared
with
fly
same
coal
combustion
cycle.
phase
and
chemical
composition,
well
REY,
were
determined
using:
X-ray
diffraction
inductively
coupled
plasma
mass
spectrometry.
tested
classified
inert-low
pozzolanic
inert-medium
pozzolanic,
sialic
ferrosialic,
enrichment
in
detrital
material.
composition
similar
fuel
REY
content
199–286
ppm
lower
than
average
for
global
deposits,
threshold
value
considered
profitable
recovery
coal.
Bottom
ash’s
importance
a
will
increase
by
recovering
metals
separated
amorphous
glass
mullite
grains
rich
Al,
Mg,
K,
P.
industrial
Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
64(8), С. 525 - 530
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024
Introduction.
The
active
use
of
rare
earth
elements,
including
thulium
(Tm),
in
various
technological
processes
increases
the
risks
health
problems
associated
with
professional
activities
employee.
purpose
study
is
to
characteristics
immune
profile
workers
at
a
non-ferrous
metallurgy
enterprise
under
conditions
contamination
biological
media
elements
(using
example
thulium).
Materials
and
methods.
35
employees
were
examined.
comparison
group
consisted
level
concentration
blood
within
reference
interval
(n=17),
observation
—
whose
content
was
2
times
higher
than
upper
limit
values
(n=18).
(blood)
studied
using
mass
spectrometry
inductively
coupled
plasma.
Flow
cytometry
used
detect
Annexin
V-FITC+7AAD+-lymphocytes
(late
apoptosis/necrosis),
enzyme
immunoassay
IL6,
TNF,
general
IgE,
allergosorbent
specific
IgG
lanthanides.
Results.
It
found
that
had
2.3-fold
increase
total
IgE
2.0-fold
expression
lanthanides
relation
results
(p<0.05).
an
excess
blood,
there
inhibition
cell
death
by
15%
relative
group.
Limitations
study.
relate
limited
sample
size.
Ethics.
protocol
approved
Biomedical
Ethics
Committee
local
ethical
committee
Federal
Budgetary
Institution
"FSC
MPT
URZN"
No.
dated
March
22,
2023.
carried
out
accordance
requirements
set
WMA
Declaration
Helsinki
"Ethical
Principles
for
Medical
Research
Involving
Human
Subjects"
(1964,
2013).
Voluntary
informed
consent
participate
personal
data
signed
all
participants.
