Toxics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 275 - 275

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

The reuse of reclaimed water is essential for sustainable management in arid regions. However, despite advancements Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), certain micropollutants may persist. To address these challenges, the recently enacted European Urban Directive (UWWTD) has established strict standards focused on monitoring twelve specific indicator compounds. In line with this, present study aims to evaluate concentrations and potential risks UWWTD-designated compounds across various sources, including surface water, groundwater, effluents from a WWTP southeast Spain. Although none evaluated sources are, as expected, intended human consumption, were assessed based worst-case scenarios that could amplify their impact. health different age groups ecosystems, focusing key organisms such fish, daphnia, algae, using empirical assessment approaches. risk identified low most regarding health, except citalopram (HRQ = 19.116) irbesartan 1.104), which showed high quotients (HQR > 1) babies, particularly water. terms ecotoxicological risk, presented highest ecological quotient (ERQ 3.500) followed by clarithromycin, algae 1.500) being vulnerable organism. Furthermore, like citalopram, venlafaxine, benzotriazole exhibited moderate between 0.1 was reduced groundwater. Finally, this discussed impacts elevated emerging compounds, emphasizing need rigorous wastewater protect ecosystem integrity. It also revealed notable differences outcomes when comparing two distinct evaluation approaches, further highlighting complexities accurately assessing risks.

Язык: Английский