Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(3), С. 280 - 280
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024
Endogenous
retroviruses
(ERVs)
became
a
part
of
the
eukaryotic
genome
through
endogenization
millions
years
ago.
Moreover,
they
have
lost
their
innate
capability
virulence
or
replication.
Nevertheless,
in
cells,
actively
engage
various
activities
that
may
be
advantageous
disadvantageous
to
cells.
The
mechanisms
by
which
transcription
is
triggered
and
implicated
cellular
processes
are
complex.
Owing
diversity
expression
factors
(TFs)
cells
TF-binding
motifs
viruses,
comprehensibility
ERV
initiation
its
impact
on
functions
unclear.
Currently,
several
known
related
initiation.
TFs
bind
viral
long-terminal
repeat
(LTR)
critical
initiators.
This
review
discusses
shown
associate
with
stimulation
across
species
such
as
humans,
mice,
pigs,
monkeys,
zebrafish,
Drosophila,
yeast.
A
comprehensive
summary
previously
reported
aid
identifying
similarities
between
animal
endogenous
viruses.
an
in-depth
understanding
will
assist
elucidating
physiological
roles
cell
development
clarifying
relationship
retrovirus-associated
diseases.
Язык: Английский
Immunogenetics of longevity and its association with human endogenous retrovirus K
Frontiers in Aging,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Introduction
The
human
immune
system
is
equipped
to
neutralize
and
eliminate
viruses
other
foreign
antigens
via
binding
of
leukocyte
antigen
(HLA)
molecules
with
epitopes
presenting
them
T
cells.
HLA
highly
polymorphic,
resulting
in
subtle
differences
the
groove
that
influence
elimination.
Here
we
tested
hypothesis
certain
alleles
may
promote
longevity
by
enhanced
ability
counter
virus
otherwise
contribute
morbidity
mortality.
Methods
We
utilized
high-resolution
genotyping
characterize
apolipoprotein
E
a
large
sample
(N
=
986)
participants
(469
men,
517
women)
ranging
age
from
24
90+
years
old
(mean
age:
58.10
years)
identified
244
occurred
sample.
Since
each
individual
carries
12
classical
(6
Class
I
II),
determined
silico
median
predicted
affinity
for
(across
alleles)
13
common
(Human
Herpes
Virus
1
[HHV1],
HHV2,
HHV3,
HHV4,
HHV5,
HHV6A,
HHV6B,
HHV7,
HHV8,
papilloma
[HPV],
polyoma
[JCV],
endogenous
retrovirus
K
[HERVK],
HERVW).
Next,
performed
stepwise
multiple
linear
regression
where
participant
was
dependent
variable
HLA-virus
affinities
were
independent
variables.
Results
analyses
yielded
only
one
statistically
significant
effect–namely,
positive
association
between
HERVK
(P
0.005).
Furthermore,
(9
HLA-I
4
HLA-II)
at
greater
frequency
very
individuals
(age
≥90
as
compared
younger
individuals.
Remarkably,
those
alleles,
significantly
higher
than
<
0.001).
ApoE
genotypes
did
not
differ
older
groups.
Discussion
Taken
together,
results
showed
HLA-HERVK
robust
predictor
bind
high
enriched
findings
present
study
highlight
interactions
host
immunogenetics
exposure
on
suggest
specific
response
viruses,
notably
HERVK.
Язык: Английский
Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(4), С. 415 - 415
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Human
Endogenous
Retroviruses
comprise
approximately
8%
of
the
human
genome,
serving
as
fragments
ancient
retroviral
infections.
Although
they
are
generally
maintained
in
a
silenced
state
by
robust
epigenetic
mechanisms,
specific
HERV
groups,
particularly
HERV-W
and
HERV-K,
can
become
derepressed
under
pathological
conditions,
thereby
contributing
to
initiation
progression
neuroinflammatory
neurodegenerative
processes.
Preclinical
studies
clinical
trials,
such
those
investigating
monoclonal
antibodies,
indicate
that
directly
targeting
these
elements
may
offer
novel
therapeutic
strategy.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
HERVs′
biology,
examine
their
role
diseases
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
multiple
Alzheimer′s
disease,
Parkinson′s
explore
prospects,
highlighting
both
challenges
potential
future
research
directions
needed
translate
approaches
into
interventions.
Язык: Английский
Development of human endogenous retrovirus type K‐ related treatments for human diseases
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
96(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
Human
endogenous
retroviruses
(HERVs)
constitute
approximately
8%
of
the
human
genome
and
have
long
been
regarded
as
silent
passengers
within
our
genomes.
However,
reactivation
HERVs
has
increasingly
linked
to
a
range
diseases,
particularly
HERV‐K
(HML‐2)
family.
Many
studies
are
dedicated
elucidating
potential
role
in
pathogenicity.
While
underlying
mechanisms
require
further
investigation,
targeting
transactivation
emerges
promising
avenue
for
treating
including
cancer,
autoimmune
disorders,
neurodegenerative
conditions,
infectious
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advancements
development
HERV‐K‐targeted
therapeutic
strategies
against
various
antiretroviral
drugs,
immunotherapy,
vaccines.
Язык: Английский
Roles of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K-Encoded Np9 in Human Diseases: A Small Protein with Big Functions
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(4), С. 581 - 581
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024
Human
Endogenous
Retrovirus
Sequences
(HERVs)
constitute
up
to
8%
of
the
human
genome,
yet
not
all
HERVs
remain
silent
passengers
within
our
genomes.
Some
HERVs,
especially
HERV
type
K
(HERV-K),
have
been
found
be
frequently
transactivated
in
a
variety
inflammatory
diseases
and
cancers.
Np9,
small
protein
translated
from
HERV-K
Язык: Английский
Evolution of Repetitive Elements, Their Roles in Homeostasis and Human Disease, and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(10), С. 1250 - 1250
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Repeating
sequences
of
DNA,
or
repetitive
elements
(REs),
are
common
features
across
both
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic
genomes.
Unlike
many
their
protein-coding
counterparts,
the
functions
REs
in
host
cells
remained
largely
unknown
have
often
been
overlooked.
While
there
is
still
more
to
learn
about
functions,
now
recognized
play
significant
roles
beneficial
pathological
processes
hosts
at
cellular
organismal
levels.
Therefore,
this
review,
we
discuss
various
types
review
what
known
evolution.
In
addition,
aim
classify
general
mechanisms
by
which
promote
that
variously
harmful
cells/organisms.
Finally,
address
emerging
role
cancer,
aging,
neurological
disorders
provide
insights
into
how
RE
modulation
could
new
therapeutic
benefits
for
these
specific
conditions.
Язык: Английский
Assembly and Stability of Virus Like Particles from the Gag Capsid Domain from the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HML‐2
ChemistrySelect,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(35)
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
capsid
domain
of
the
Gag
protein
from
human
endogenous
retrovirus
HML‐2
can
form
virus‐like
particles
(VLPs)
in
vitro
.
Such
made
proteins
other
organisms
are
used
as
nanocarriers.
Repeated
use
exogeneous
VLPs
may
however
lead
to
an
immune
response.
Recombinantly
produced
and
purified
could,
given
its
origin,
provide
a
nanocarrier
system,
which
potentially
could
evade
It
is
not
known
if
capsids
formed
by
be
loaded
with
molecular
cargo
such
stable.
In
this
work,
we
investigated
how
assembly
efficiency
change
conditions.
We
demonstrate
that
once
stable
over
much
broader
range
pH
than
allows
formation,
for
weeks.
furthermore
show
encapsulate
small
molecules.
Our
results
suggest
serve
nanocarriers
protecting
surrounding
environment.
Язык: Английский