Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 145(6), С. 1517 - 1528

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of PM2.5 on the Host Defense of Respiratory System

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 4, 2020

The harm of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to public health is the focus attention around world. Global Burden Disease Study (GBD) 2015 ranked PM2.5 as fifth leading risk factor for death, which caused 4.2 million deaths and 103.1 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) loss, representing 7.6% total global 4.2% DALYs. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that exposure increases incidence mortality respiratory infections. host defense dysfunction may be key susceptibility system infection by exposure. Thus, this review aims assess impact on system. Firstly, we elaborated epidemiological evidence Secondly, summarized experimental different pathogens (including bacteria viruses) in Furthermore, here will discuss underlying mechanisms infections well future perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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An Air Particulate Pollutant Induces Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Brain Models

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(21)

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major component among air pollutants, highlights as global health concern. Several epidemiological studies show the correlation between chronical PM2.5 exposure and incidents of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, mechanisms have not been well understood, partly due to lack model systems that reflect physiologically relevant innate immunity in human brains. Here, PM2.5-polluted brain models (PMBs) are created 3D microfluidic platform reconstituting key aspects under exposure. penetration across blood-brain barrier (BBB) accumulation tissue side first validated. Second, PMB shows BBB-penetrating initiates astrogliosis, resulting slight neuronal loss microglial infiltration. Third, it is demonstrated infiltrating microglia obtain M1 phenotype induced by interleukin-1β interferon-γ from neurons reactive astrocytes Finally, observed additional proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide released exacerbate damages, such synaptic impairment, phosphoric tau accumulation, death. This study suggests can be potential environmental risk factor for dementia mediated detrimental neuroinflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Lung cancer associated with combustion particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) - The roles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)

Biochemical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 216, С. 115801 - 115801

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2023

Air pollution is the leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking, contributing to 20% all deaths. Increased risk associated with living near trafficked roads, occupational exposure diesel exhaust, indoor coal combustion and cigarette suggest that components in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), may be central drivers cancer. Activation aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces expression xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) increase PAH metabolism, formation reactive metabolites, oxidative stress, DNA damage mutagenesis. Lung tissues from smokers workers exposed high PM levels contain mutagenic signatures derived PAHs. However, recent findings air PM2.5 primarily development through tumor promotion cells harboring naturally acquired oncogenic mutations, thus lacking typical PAH-induced mutations. On this background, we discuss role AhR PAHs caused by focusing on promoting properties including immune system, cell proliferation survival, microenvironment, cell-to-cell communication, growth metastasis. We dichotomy patterns observed between smoking outdoor represent two ends a dose–response continuum exposure, where peripheral appears driving factor at relatively low-dose exposures PM2.5, whereas genotoxicity airways becomes increasingly more important higher encountered exposure.

Язык: Английский

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National Cohort Study of Long-Term Exposure to PM_2.5 Components and Mortality in Medicare American Older Adults

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(17), С. 6835 - 6843

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023

There is increasing evidence linking long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to negative health effects. However, the relative influence of each component PM2.5 on risk poorly understood. In a cohort study in contiguous United States between 2000 and 2017, we examined effect main components all-cause mortality older adults who had be at least 65 years old enrolled Medicare. We estimated yearly mean concentrations six key compounds, including black carbon (BC), organic (OM), soil dust (DUST), nitrate (NO3–), sulfate (SO42–), ammonium (NH4+), using two independently sourced well-validated prediction models. applied Cox proportional hazard models evaluate ratios for penalized splines assessing potential nonlinear concentration–response associations. Results suggested that increased mass its constituents were significantly linked elevated mortality. All showed linear relationships low concentration ranges. Our research indicates essential compounds are strongly connected risk. Reductions fossil fuel burning may yield significant air quality public benefit.

Язык: Английский

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Subacute PM2.5 Exposure Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 812 - 812

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2025

Epidemiological studies prove that type II diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance (IR), may be caused fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). However, underlying mechanisms whereby PM2.5, particularly during short-term exposure, induces liver dysfunction leading to IR remains poorly understood. In the present study, HepG2 cells and BALB/c mouse model were used explore how PM2.5 affects sensitivity. The effects of subacute exposure on glucose metabolism examined using commercial kits. Oxidative stress inflammation detected fluorescent staining RT-qPCR. phosphorylation PI3K/AKT was Western blot. Subacute induced IR, as reflected increased levels in cell supernatants, elevated levels, impaired intraperitoneal tolerance test mice. oxidative stress, evidenced reactive oxygen species, cytochrome P450 2E1, malondialdehyde, along with reduced superoxide dismutase 1/2 silent information regulator 1. IL-6 TNF-α found upregulated blot showed inhibited PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, indicated decreased cells. Additionally, H&E only mild hepatic injury mice liver. These results firmly suggest through inflammation, inhibition pathway.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(3), С. 1084 - 1084

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2020

Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation the principal measure for optimizing complex physical environment station. This paper narratively reviews environmental and effects ventilation discusses relevant engineering, environmental, medical aspects combination. exerts notable dual effect on On one hand, controls temperature, humidity, indoor air quality to ensure human comfort health. other also carries potential risks spreading pollutants or fire smoke through wind as well produces continuous noise. Assessment management associated with essential attain healthy environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, toxicity epidemiological studies. Additionally, needed further examine design maintenance systems. An understanding pathogenic mechanisms aerodynamic characteristics various can help formulate strategies reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive space development affords possibility creating flexible spaces that optimize efficiency, acoustic comfort, perception.

Язык: Английский

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The toxicity of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to vascular endothelial cells

Journal of Applied Toxicology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(5), С. 713 - 723

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2021

Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have widely regarded ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), the particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, as a strong potential threat to human health. PM2.5 exposure is mainly through respiratory tract where it can permeate lung alveoli enter blood circulation. After going into circulation, directly confronts vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The VECs, which are lined up in innermost layer of vessels, essential homeostasis physiological processes. Thus, damage dysfunction VECs common cause various diseases. In this review, we summarize toxicity including pathophysiological mechanism effects VEC-mediated functions. review has discussed association impaired VEC function by diseases, indicating that may be effective assessment public health recommendations under exposure. Therefore, reducing adverse effect on will prevent occurrence fatality relevant diseases future.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of air pollution on human health – Mechanistic evidence suggested by in vitro and in vivo modelling

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 212, С. 113378 - 113378

Опубликована: Май 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Particulate matter (PM) oxidative potential: Measurement methods and links to PM physicochemical characteristics and health effects

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(2), С. 177 - 197

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

It has been widely accepted that the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important pathophysiologic pathway linking particulate matter (PM) exposure and adverse health effects. ROS can be either present on and/or within PM or generated in vivo by interactions between biological systems. Within context toxicology, oxidative potential (OP) capacity to oxidize molecules tissues cells directly oxidants are indirectly via with system (e.g., fluids, cells, tissues). In this review, we summarized current OP measurement methods, understanding how physical characteristics chemical compositions affect OP, epidemiological toxicological evidence whether a better indicator than mass concentration for Among two major types cellular assays have regarded reflect actions acellular assays. Recent studies associated short-term cardiorespiratory outcomes. Little known about effects long-term effect beyond cardiovascular respiratory The existing may sufficient suggest use as more health-relevant metric conventional concentration, but critical methodologic issues must resolved before accurately used.

Язык: Английский

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