Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(11), С. 739 - 751

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Allergy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 77(5), С. 1418 - 1449

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), general broader socioeconomic psychological contexts) domains, all which are interrelated. All factors we exposed to, from moment conception to death, part exposome. Several hundreds thousands new chemicals have been introduced modern life without our having full understanding their toxic health effects ways mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes loss biodiversity, alterations dietary habits, microbiome due modernization, urbanization, globalization constitute surrounding environment Some disrupt epithelial barriers skin mucosal surfaces, disruptions linked last few decades increasing prevalence severity inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma. barrier hypothesis provides mechanistic explanation how explain rapid increase autoimmune In this review, discuss affecting planet's context 'epithelial hypothesis,' including climate emphasize on addition, roles increased fatty acid consumption environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, nanoparticles, tobacco) discussed. Considering emerging data recent studies, suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, establishment individualized control measures threats decrease disease.

Язык: Английский

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Causal Effects of Gut Microbiome on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021

The observational association between gut microbiome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been well documented. However, whether the is causal remains unclear. present study used publicly available genome-wide (GWAS) summary data to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), aiming examine links SLE. Two sets of MR analyses were conducted. A group single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that less than statistical significance threshold (5 × 10-8) served as instrumental variables. To obtain a comprehensive conclusion, other where SNPs smaller locus-wide level (1 10-5) selected Based on level, results indicated there effects components SLE risk. inverse variance weighted (IVW) method suggested Bacilli Lactobacillales positively correlated with risk Bacillales, Coprobacter Lachnospira negatively median supported Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Eggerthella factors for Bacillales protective estimates Egger genetically predicted Ruminiclostridium6 was associated threshold, showed Actinobacteria might reduce pleiotropy residual sum outlier (MR-PRESSO) detected significant horizontal variables outcome. This support are beneficial or detrimental

Язык: Английский

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Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80, С. 104055 - 104055

Опубликована: Май 17, 2022

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota may contribute to the occurrence or development of several rheumatic diseases. Since is potentially modifiable, it has been postulated be a promising preventive therapeutic target for However, current understanding on potential associations between and diseases still inadequate. Therefore, we aimed synthesise accumulating relation diseases.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase Cochrane Library were searched from inception March 11, 2022 include observational studies evaluating Standardised mean difference (SMD) α-diversity indices controls estimated using random-effects model. β-diversity relative abundance microbes summarised qualitatively.FindingsOf included 92 (11,998 participants), 68 provided data α-diversity. Taken together as whole, decreases consistently found (observed species: SMD = −0.36, [95%CI −0.63, −0.09]; Chao1: −0.57, −0.88, −0.26]; Shannon index: −0.33, −0.48, −0.17]; Simpson −0.32, −0.49, −0.14]). when specific examined, only observed rheumatoid arthritis −0.51, −0.78, −0.24]; −0.31, −0.13]; −0.54, −0.08]), systemic lupus erythematosus (Chao1: −1.60, −2.54, −0.66]; −1.08, −0.18]), gout (Simpson −0.64, −1.07, −0.22]) fibromyalgia −0.28, −0.44, −0.11]), whereas an increase was sclerosis (Shannon 1.25, 0.09, 2.41]). Differences with statistical significance reported ankylosing spondylitis IgG4-related Although little disease specificity found, shared alterations depletion anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing microbe (i.e., Faecalibacterium) enrichment pro-inflammatory Streptococcus) arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome erythematosus.InterpretationGut associated diseases, principally non-specific, microbes.FundingNational Natural Science Foundation China (81930071, 81902265, 82072502 U21A20352).

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Accumulating studies have indicated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in onset of autoimmune diseases by engaging complex interactions with host. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview existing literatures concerning relationship between and diseases, shedding light on interplay microbiota, host immune system. Furthermore, we aim summarize impacts potential mechanisms underlie primarily focusing systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis psoriasis. The present will emphasize clinical significance applications interventions based as innovative adjunctive therapies for diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Involvement and repair of epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The epithelial barrier serves as a critical defense mechanism separating the human body from external environment, fulfilling both physical and immune functions. This plays pivotal role in shielding environmental risk factors such allergens, pathogens, pollutants. However, since 19th century, escalating threats posed by pollution, global warming, heightened usage of industrial chemical products, alterations biodiversity have contributed to noteworthy surge allergic disease incidences. Notably, diseases frequently exhibit dysfunction barrier. proposed hypothesis introduces novel avenue for prevention treatment diseases. Despite increased attention development, numerous questions persist regarding mechanisms underlying disruption normal function. Consequently, this review aims provide comprehensive overview barrier’s diseases, encompassing influencing factors, assessment techniques, repair methodologies. By doing so, it seeks present innovative strategies

Язык: Английский

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Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome—How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease

Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 160(2), С. 507 - 523

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 277 - 277

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

A causal link between viral infections and autoimmunity has been studied for a long time the role of some viruses in induction or exacerbation systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) genetically predisposed patients proved. The strength association different agents SLE is variable. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), parvovirus B19 (B19V), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are involved pathogenesis, whereas other such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) probably play less prominent role. However, mechanisms viral–host interactions impact on disease course have yet to be elucidated. In addition classical viral-triggered autoimmunity, molecular mimicry epitope spreading, there growing appreciation direct activation innate response by nucleic acids epigenetic modulation interferon-related immune response. latter especially important HERVs, which may represent environmental triggers critical genes. Virus-specific proteins modulating interaction with host system characterized explain evasion, persistent infection self-reactive B-cell “immortalization”. Knowledge also expanding key B19-V CMV their possible specific phenotypes antiphospholipid syndrome. This progress pave way new therapeutic perspectives, including use known antiviral drugs, postviral immunity inhibition. We herein describe state-of-the-art knowledge SLE, focus action potential targets.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Disruption of Lipid Metabolism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects thousands of people worldwide. Recently, alterations in metabolism and gut microbiome have emerged as key regulators SLE pathogenesis. However, it not clear about the coordination commensal bacteria metabolism. Here, by integrating 16S sequencing metabolomics data, we characterized fecal serum metabolome patients with SLE. Microbial diversity revealed microflora dysbiosis significantly increased beta diversity. The profiling identified 43 55 changed metabolites feces samples patients. Notably, lipids accounted for 65% altered serum, highlighted disruption lipid Integrated correlation analysis provided link between SLE, particularly according to regulate conversion primary bile acids secondary acids. Overall, our results illustrate perturbation which may facilitate development new interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(22), С. 8443 - 8443

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2020

Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the ocular surface, with frequently unmet therapeutic needs requiring new interventions for dry eye management. Current studies also suggest possible relation of gut microbiota. Herein, we review current knowledge interact immune system in homeostasis as well its influence on rheumatic and diseases, compare their characteristics SS. Both rodent human regarding SS environmental are explored, effects prebiotics probiotics discussed. Recent clinical have commonly observed a correlation between dysbiosis manifestations SS, while portrays normal autoimmune. Moreover, decrease both Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio genus Faecalibacterium most been subjects. The presumable pathways forming “gut dysbiosis–ocular surface–lacrimal gland axis” introduced. This may provide perspectives into link microbiome eye, enhance our understanding pathogenesis be useful development future interventions.

Язык: Английский

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