Neurobiology of Disease,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
192, С. 106423 - 106423
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024
Trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO)
is
a
gut
microbiota-derived
metabolite
produced
by
the
action
of
microbiota
and
hepatic
enzyme
Flavin
Mono‑oxygenase
3
(FMO3).
TMAO
level
has
positive
correlation
with
risk
cardiovascular
events,
including
stroke,
their
influenced
mainly
dietary
choice
liver
FMO3.
plays
role
in
development
atherosclerosis
plaque,
which
one
causative
factors
stroke
event.
Preclinical
clinical
investigations
on
associated
risk,
severity,
outcomes
are
summarised
this
review.
In
addition,
mechanisms
TMAO-driven
vascular
dysfunction
also
discussed,
such
as
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
thrombus
foam
cell
formation,
altered
cholesterol
bile
acid
metabolism,
etc.
Post-stroke
inflammatory
cascades
involving
activation
immune
cells,
i.e.,
microglia
astrocytes,
result
Blood-brain-barrier
(BBB)
disruption,
allowing
to
infiltrate
brain
further
aggravate
inflammation.
This
event
occurs
NOD-like
receptor
family
pyrin
domain
containing
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
pathway
through
release
cytokines
chemokines
that
BBB
initiate
recruitment
cells
brain.
Thus,
it's
likely
maintaining
levels
could
be
promising
approach
for
treating
improving
complications.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(1), С. 166 - 166
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2021
The
gut
microbiota
has
been
linked
to
the
emergence
of
obesity,
metabolic
syndrome
and
onset
type
2
diabetes
through
decreased
glucose
tolerance
insulin
resistance.
Uncontrolled
can
lead
serious
health
consequences
such
as
impaired
kidney
function,
blindness,
stroke,
myocardial
infarction
lower
limb
amputation.
Despite
a
variety
treatments
currently
available,
cases
resulting
complications
are
on
rise.
One
promising
new
approach
focuses
modulating
with
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics
fecal
microbial
transplantation.
Differences
in
composition
have
observed
preclinical
animal
models
well
patients
diabetic
nephropathy,
retinopathy,
neuropathy,
cerebrovascular
disease,
coronary
heart
disease
peripheral
artery
compared
healthy
controls.
Severity
dysbiosis
was
associated
severity
restoration
probiotic
administration
human
improvement
symptoms
progression.
Characterizing
different
diseases
determining
causal
relationship
between
be
beneficial
formulating
therapeutic
interventions
for
complications.
In
this
review,
we
present
most
important
findings
regarding
role
chronic
their
underlying
mechanisms.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(7), С. 3464 - 3464
Опубликована: Март 23, 2022
Microbe–host
communication
is
essential
to
maintain
vital
functions
of
a
healthy
host,
and
its
disruption
has
been
associated
with
several
diseases,
including
Crohn’s
disease
ulcerative
colitis,
the
two
major
forms
inflammatory
bowel
(IBD).
Although
individual
members
intestinal
microbiota
have
experimental
IBD,
identifying
microorganisms
that
affect
susceptibility
phenotypes
in
humans
remains
considerable
challenge.
Currently,
lack
definition
between
what
dysbiotic
gut
microbiome
limits
research.
Nevertheless,
although
clear
proof-of-concept
causality
still
lacking,
there
an
increasingly
evident
need
understand
microbial
basis
IBD
at
strain,
genomic,
epigenomic,
functional
levels
specific
clinical
contexts.
Recent
information
on
role
diet
novel
environmental
risk
factors
affecting
direct
implications
for
immune
response
impacts
development
IBD.
The
complexity
pathogenesis,
involving
multiple
distinct
elements,
suggests
integrative
approach,
likely
utilizing
computational
modeling
molecular
datasets
identify
more
therapeutic
targets.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(2), С. 294 - 294
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023
Gut
microbes
and
their
metabolites
are
actively
involved
in
the
development
regulation
of
host
immunity,
which
can
influence
disease
susceptibility.
Herein,
we
review
most
recent
research
advancements
gut
microbiota–immune
axis.
We
discuss
detail
how
microbiota
is
a
tipping
point
for
neonatal
immune
as
indicated
by
newly
uncovered
phenomenon,
such
maternal
imprinting,
utero
intestinal
metabolome,
weaning
reaction.
describe
shapes
both
innate
adaptive
immunity
with
emphasis
on
short-chain
fatty
acids
secondary
bile
acids.
also
comprehensively
delineate
disruption
axis
results
immune-mediated
diseases,
gastrointestinal
infections,
inflammatory
bowel
cardiometabolic
disorders
(e.g.,
cardiovascular
diabetes,
hypertension),
autoimmunity
rheumatoid
arthritis),
hypersensitivity
asthma
allergies),
psychological
anxiety),
cancer
colorectal
hepatic).
further
encompass
role
fecal
transplantation,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
dietary
polyphenols
reshaping
therapeutic
potential.
Continuing,
examine
modulates
therapies,
including
checkpoint
inhibitors,
JAK
anti-TNF
therapies.
lastly
mention
current
challenges
metagenomics,
germ-free
models,
recapitulation
to
achieve
fundamental
understanding
regulates
immunity.
Altogether,
this
proposes
improving
immunotherapy
efficacy
from
perspective
microbiome-targeted
interventions.
Sports Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
52(10), С. 2355 - 2369
Опубликована: Май 21, 2022
Abstract
Gut
microbiota
refers
to
those
microorganisms
in
the
human
digestive
tract
that
display
activities
fundamental
life.
With
at
least
4
million
different
bacterial
types,
gut
is
composed
of
bacteria
are
present
levels
sixfold
greater
than
total
number
cells
entire
body.
Among
its
multiple
functions,
helps
promote
bioavailability
some
nutrients
and
metabolization
food,
protects
intestinal
mucosa
from
aggression
pathogenic
microorganisms.
Moreover,
by
stimulating
production
mediators
able
reach
central
nervous
system
(gut/brain
axis),
participates
modulation
moods
behaviors.
Several
endogenous
exogenous
factors
can
cause
dysbiosis
with
important
consequences
on
composition
functions
microbiota.
Recent
research
underlines
importance
appropriate
physical
activity
(such
as
sports),
nutrition,
a
healthy
lifestyle
ensure
presence
functional
physiological
working
maintain
health
whole
organism.
Indeed,
addition
bowel
disturbances,
variations
qualitative
quantitative
microbial
gastrointestinal
might
have
systemic
negative
effects.
Here,
we
review
recent
studies
effects
aim
identifying
potential
mechanisms
which
exercise
could
affect
function.
Whether
variable
work
intensity
reflect
changes
analyzed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(15), С. 8805 - 8805
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022
Modifications
in
the
microbiota
caused
by
environmental
and
genetic
reasons
can
unbalance
intestinal
homeostasis,
deregulating
host's
metabolism
immune
system,
intensifying
risk
factors
for
development
aggravation
of
non-alcoholic
fat
liver
disease
(NAFLD).
The
use
probiotics,
prebiotics
synbiotics
have
been
considered
a
potential
promising
strategy
to
regulate
gut
produce
beneficial
effects
patients
with
conditions.
For
this
reason,
review
aimed
evaluate
effectiveness
prebiotics,
symbiotics
NAFLD
NASH.
Pubmed,
Embase,
Cochrane
databases
were
consulted,
PRISMA
(Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analysis)
guidelines
followed.
clinical
trials
used
study
demonstrated
that
interventions
could
improve
wide
range
markers
inflammation,
glycemia,
insulin
resistance,
dyslipidemia,
obesity,
injury
(decrease
hepatic
enzymes
steatosis
fibrosis).
Although
modulators
do
not
play
healing
role,
they
work
as
an
important
adjunct
therapy
pathological
processes
involving
its
spectrums,
either
improving
barrier
or
preventing
formation
toxic
metabolites
acting
on
system.
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(11), С. 1064 - 1064
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
The
gut-brain
axis
is
a
bidirectional
communication
network
connecting
the
gastrointestinal
tract
and
central
nervous
system.
keeps
track
of
activities
integrates
them
to
connect
gut
health
higher
cognitive
parts
brain.
Disruption
in
this
connection
may
facilitate
various
neurological
problems.
Neurodegenerative
diseases
are
characterized
by
progressive
dysfunction
specific
populations
neurons,
determining
clinical
presentation.
Misfolded
protein
aggregates
that
cause
cellular
toxicity
aid
collapse
proteostasis
defining
characteristic
neurodegenerative
proteinopathies.
These
disorders
not
only
caused
changes
neural
compartment
but
also
due
other
factors
non-neural
origin.
Mounting
data
reveal
majority
(GI)
physiologies
mechanics
governed
system
(CNS).
Furthermore,
microbiota
plays
critical
role
regulation
physiological
function
brain,
although
mechanism
involved
has
yet
been
fully
interpreted.
One
emerging
explanations
start
progression
many
illnesses
dysbiosis
microbial
makeup.
present
understanding
literature
surrounding
relationship
between
intestinal
emergence
certain
diseases,
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
Huntington's
multiple
sclerosis,
main
emphasis
review.
potential
entry
pathway
pathogen-associated
secretions
toxins
into
CNS
explored
article
at
outset
neuropathology.
We
have
included
possible
undelaying
synergistic
effect
infections,
their
metabolites,
interactions
based
on
current
understanding.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(2), С. 217 - 217
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2024
Infectious
diseases
have
long
posed
a
significant
threat
to
global
health
and
require
constant
innovation
in
treatment
approaches.
However,
recent
groundbreaking
research
has
shed
light
on
previously
overlooked
player
the
pathogenesis
of
disease-the
human
microbiome.
This
review
article
addresses
intricate
relationship
between
microbiome
infectious
unravels
its
role
as
crucial
mediator
host-pathogen
interactions.
We
explore
remarkable
potential
harnessing
this
dynamic
ecosystem
develop
innovative
strategies
that
could
revolutionize
management
diseases.
By
exploring
latest
advances
emerging
trends,
aims
provide
new
perspective
combating
by
targeting
