Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(2), С. 496 - 496

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Plastics have enormous impacts to every aspect of daily life including technology, medicine and treatments, domestic appliances. Most the used plastics are thrown away by consumers after a single use, which has become huge environmental problem as they will end up in landfill, oceans other waterways. These discarded vast numbers each day, breaking down from micro- nano-sizes led worries about how toxic these environment humans. While, there several earlier studies reported effects nano-plastics on environment, is scant research into their impact human body at subcellular or molecular levels. In particular, potential move through gut, lungs skin epithelia causing systemic exposure not been examined thoroughly. This review explores thoroughly nanoplastics created, behave/breakdown within levels toxicity pollution nanoplastics, possible health humans, well suggestions for additional research. paper aims inspire future core elements nano-plastics, biological reactions caused specific unusual qualities.

Язык: Английский

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Drug release study of the chitosan-based nanoparticles

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1), С. e08674 - e08674

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2021

Recently, multifunctional drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been designed to provide a comprehensive approach with multiple functionalities, including diagnostic imaging, targeted delivery, and controlled release. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) are employed as imaging delivering the particular sites in regulated manner. Drug release is an important factor ensuring high reproducibility, stability, quality control of CSNPs, scientific-based for developing CSNPs. Several factors influence from composition, composition ratio, ingredient interactions, preparation methods. Early, CSNPs were used improving solubility, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutics properties. Chitosan has developed toward system by exploring positively charged properties modifiable functional groups. Various modifications polymer backbone, charge, or groups will undoubtedly affect The significant on its therapeutic actions. Our review's objective was summarize discuss relationship between modification kinetics model. Kinetic models help describe rate, leading increased efficiency, accuracy, safety dose, optimizing device's design, evaluating improvement patient compatibility. In conclusion, almost all showed bi-phasic release, initial burst time followed manner achieving expected stimuli external can be applied. promising technique systems.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoparticles‐induced potential toxicity on human health: Applications, toxicity mechanisms, and evaluation models

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(4)

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Nanoparticles (NPs) have become one of the most popular objects scientific study during past decades. However, despite wealth reports, still there is a gap, particularly in health toxicology studies, underlying mechanisms, and related evaluation models to deeply understanding NPs risk effects. In this review, we first present comprehensive landscape applications on health, especially addressing role medical diagnosis, therapy. Then, toxicity systems introduced. We describe detail effects various systems, including respiratory, nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive carcinogenicity NPs. Furthermore, unravels mechanisms ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, DNA cell cycle, epigenetic regulation. addition, classical such as lines mice emerging 3D organoids used for evaluating or are both Overall, review presents critical summary state NPs, giving readers more better remedy key gaps knowledge techniques.

Язык: Английский

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Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Advances in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery in Neuro-Oncology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 4153 - 4153

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2022

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by impermeability BBB and, consequently, survival outcomes malignant remain poor. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent potential solution to improve drug transport tumors, given their small size and capacity target tumor cells. Here, we review unique physical chemical properties NPs that aid in discuss mechanisms NP across BBB, including paracellular transport, carrier-mediated adsorptive- receptor-mediated transcytosis. major types investigated treatment are detailed, polymeric NPs, liposomes, solid lipid dendrimers, metals, quantum dots, nanogels. In addition role delivery, can be used as imaging contrast agents conjugated with probes assist visualizing demarcating lesion boundaries margins, monitoring delivery response. Multifunctional designed capable targeting both therapeutic purposes. Finally, limitations discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Metal nanoparticles as a promising technology in targeted cancer treatment

Drug Delivery, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(1), С. 664 - 678

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2022

Traditional anticancer treatments have several limitations, but cancer is still one of the deadliest diseases. As a result, new drugs are required for treatment cancer. The use metal nanoparticles (NPs) as alternative chemotherapeutic on rise in research. Metal NPs potential wide range applications. Natural or surface-induced effects can be found metals. focus this review therapeutic metal-based NPs. various types tumor targeting will discussed treatment.

Язык: Английский

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An updated overview on metal nanoparticles toxicity

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76, С. 17 - 26

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles: Challenges in the nano era

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

With the rapid progress of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been applicated in our daily life. In field metal-based NPs are an important component engineered NPs, including metal and oxide with a variety biomedical applications. However, unique physicochemical properties confer not only promising biological effects but also pose unexpected toxic threats to human body at same time. For safer application humans, we should comprehensive understanding NP toxicity. this review, summarize current knowledge about affecting their toxicity, mechanisms toxicological assessment, potential strategies mitigate toxicity status regulatory movement on Hopefully, near future, through convergence related disciplines, development nanotoxicity research will be significantly promoted, thereby making humans much safer.

Язык: Английский

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Scale-up polymeric-based nanoparticles drug delivery systems: Development and challenges

OpenNano, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7, С. 100048 - 100048

Опубликована: Май 28, 2022

The development of nanotechnology as a crucial technology in recent years has resulted new and creative nanomedicine applications. characteristics are determined by size, surface, drug loading, targeting potential combination with diagnostic agents for therapeutic applications to form nano multifunctional devices. Nanomedicine provides healthcare paradigm is capable revitalizing existing clinical products. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) promising nanomedicines. With increasing demands medical, pharmaceutical, or nutritional applications, (NPs) require high reproducibility, homogeneity, control over their properties; upscaling processes unavoidable. Conventional small-scale laboratory synthesis techniques PNPs subject batch-to-batch variability. Increasing the installation size from scale industrial presents many difficulties. This review explores advances developing productivity systems synthesizing NPs an easy, fast, controlled manner challenges development, optimization, enhancement, feasibility, fabrication. There advantages use biocompatible biodegradable properties. Upscaling occur lot metal NPs, which can be reference PNPs; there similar PNPs.

Язык: Английский

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Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: How Did We Start and Where Are We Now

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 6615 - 6615

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Since their first discovery in the 1960s by Alec Bangham, liposomes have been shown to be effective drug delivery systems for treating various cancers. Several liposome-based formulations received approval U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) European Medicines Agency (EMA), with many others clinical trials. Liposomes several advantages, including improved pharmacokinetic properties of encapsulated drug, reduced systemic toxicity, extended circulation time, targeted disposition tumor sites due enhanced permeability retention (EPR) mechanism. However, it is worth noting that despite efficacy cancers, still some potential toxicity lack specific targeting disposition. This explains, part, why translation into clinic has progressed only incrementally, which poses need more research focus on addressing such translational limitations. review summarizes main liposomes, current status cancer therapy, limitations challenges achieving maximal therapeutic efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Nanocomposite-based smart fertilizers: A boon to agricultural and environmental sustainability

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 863, С. 160859 - 160859

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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