Editorial of Special Issue ‘Dissecting Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection’

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(13), С. 6991 - 6991

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

This Special Issue has focused on dissecting the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative components of neurological neuropsychiatric diseases, highlighting latest advance in understanding etiology, pathomechanism, biomarkers, imaging techniques, novel therapeutic targets diseases (NDDs) [...].

Язык: Английский

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Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: fueling or dampening disease progression?

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Considering increasing prevalence among young adults worldwide disabling phenotype disease, deeper understanding complexity pathogenesis needed to ultimately improve diagnosis personalize treatment opportunities. Recent findings suggest that bioactive lipid mediators (LM) derived from ω-3/-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), also termed eicosanoids, may contribute MS pathogenesis. For example, disturbances in LM profiles especially those ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) have been reported people with (PwMS), where they chronicity neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, we previously shown certain AA-derived LMs associated neurodegenerative processes PwMS, suggesting are involved more pathological events than solely neuroinflammation. Yet, date, comprehensive overview contribution these MS-associated remains elusive. Main body This review summarizes critically evaluates current literature on eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway its key hallmarks during different stages. Various parts highlighted, namely, prostanoid, leukotriene, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETEs) biochemical routes include specific enzymes cyclooxygenases (COXs) lipoxygenases (LOX) families. In addition, cellular sources their potential target cells based receptor expression will be discussed context MS. Finally, propose novel therapeutic approaches and/or modulation demyelination neurodegeneration Short conclusion The intrinsically linked aspects Therefore, intervention strategies, aim accurately modulating towards biosynthesis beneficial LMs, can potentially patient- subtype-specific opportunities combat Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Treatment-resistant inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor with Marburg-like features: A narrative review-based treatment approach

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor (IDP) mimics intracranial neoplasms in terms of both clinical presentation and imaging features. IDP with Marburg-like features represents a severe form inflammatory encephalomyelitis, marked by dramatic onset, aggressive course, absence remission, the presence tumor-like central nervous system lesions. Key brain magnetic resonance include open or incomplete ring enhancement, low T2 rim, peripheral diffusion restriction, absent mild mass effect, perilesional edema. In spectroscopy (MRS), elevated glutamate, choline, lactate peaks are observed; however, MRS findings can be nonspecific nondifferentiating. Pathologic show prominent perivascular lymphoid infiltrates consisting predominantly leukocyte common antigen (LCA)+ PAX5+ B lymphocytes immunohistochemistry staining, parenchymal macrophages (CD68+), some visible myelin globules on Luxol Fast Blue preferential loss relative axonal preservation formation spheroids (swellings), reactive astrocytosis (GFAP+ ATRX−), remyelination thinner sheaths than background axons at periphery plaque. A review previous case reports revealed that prompt immunosuppression therapy may lead to favorable response. Initiating treatment cycle high-dose corticosteroids followed rescue immunosuppressive using cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, rituximab, alemtuzumab demonstrated positive outcomes. addition, maintenance B-cell-depleting agents, such as rituximab ocrelizumab, showed potential for controlling disease activity improving long-term prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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The role of plasma cortisol in dementia, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Background Many clinical studies have shown a correlation between plasma cortisol and neurological disorders. This study explored the causal relationship dementia, epilepsy multiple sclerosis based on Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods Data were taken from summary statistics of genome-wide association study, FinnGen consortium United Kingdom Biobank. Dementia, epilepsy, used as outcomes, genetic variants associated with instrumental variables. The main analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted method, results assessed according to odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy leave-one-out method conducted evaluate stability accuracy results. Results In two-sample MR analysis, showed that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [odds (95% interval) = 0.99 (0.98-1.00), P 0.025], vascular dementia (VaD) 2.02 (1.00-4.05), 0.049)], Parkinson’s (PDD) 0.24 (0.07-0.82), 0.023] 2.00 (1.03-3.91), 0.042]. There no statistically significant associations Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal (FTD) sclerosis. Conclusion demonstrates increase incidence rates VaD decrease AD PDD. Monitoring concentrations in practice can help prevent diseases, such AD, PDD, epilepsy.

Язык: Английский

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The role of the “gut microbiota-mitochondria” crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis gut microbiota. Similarly, large body evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction may also significant impact on development MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found human mitochondria microbial in origin share similar biological characteristics Therefore, microbiota function crosstalk relevant However, relationship between not fully understood. by synthesizing previous literature, this paper focuses changes metabolite composition possible MS, provide new therapeutic approaches for prevention or reduction based crosstalk.

Язык: Английский

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“Advances in biomarker discovery and diagnostics for alzheimer’s disease”

Neurological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Fluid-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102739 - 102739

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Comparison of Two Analytical Approaches for the Quantification of Neurofilament Light Chain, a Biomarker of Axonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10787 - 10787

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Neurofilament light chain (NfL), is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein detected in extracellular fluid following axonal damage. Extensive research has focused on NfL quantification CSF, establishing it as prognostic biomarker of disability progression Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Our study used new commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit and Single Molecular Array (Simoa) advanced technology to assess serum levels MS patients Healthy Controls (HC). Verifying the most accurate, cost-effective methodology will benefit its application clinical settings. Blood samples were collected from 54 30 HC. Protocols accompanying kits followed. The ELISA thershold was set 3 S.D. above mean For Simoa, Z-score calculation created by Jens Kuhle's group applied (with permission). Samples exceeding threshold or z-score ≥1.5 indicated subclinical disease activity. To our knowledge, this first find strong-positive correlation between Simoa for (r = 0.919). Despite strong correlation, better analytical sensitivity can detect small changes making valuable Further required evaluate whether using could be utilized predict progression.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets: expert opinion on practical management after year 4

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination. Cladribine tablets are approved for immune reconstitution therapy in patients with highly active relapsing–remitting MS based on favorable efficacy tolerability results from the CLARITY study that have been confirmed long-term extension studies. The 4-year dosing regimen foresees cumulative dose of 3.5 mg/kg administered two cycles 1 year apart, followed by 2 years observation. Evidence managing beyond 4 scarce; therefore, group 10 neurologists has assessed available evidence formulated an expert opinion management growing population now completing regimen. We propose five patient categories response to treatment during first regimen, corresponding pathways envision close monitoring clinical visits, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or biomarkers. At sign or radiological activity, should receive effective disease-modifying therapy, comprising either full cladribine as described regulatory documents (cumulative 7.0 mg/kg) comparably treatment. Re-treatment decisions be intensity timing onset assessments, well eligibility preference.

Язык: Английский

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Calprotectin Levels and Neutrophil Count Are Prognostic Markers of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(10), С. 2554 - 2554

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2022

Inflammation plays a crucial role in worsening coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Calprotectin is pro-inflammatory molecule produced by monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. The aim of the study was to evaluate both prognostic circulating calprotectin levels neutrophil count toward fatal outcome COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively collected analyzed data on 195 adult patients, 156 hospitalized infectious unit 39 intensive care (ICU). counts measured at first hospitalization day were higher patients with than surviving ones. association high patient death remain significant logistic regression, independent age. ROC curves analysis for revealed good discriminatory power survival (area under curve 0.759 0.843, respectively) identified best cut-off (1.66 mg/L 16.39 × 103/µL, respectively). Kaplan-Meier confirmed prediction. In conclusion, this highlights that together should be considered as biomarkers mortality

Язык: Английский

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