Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(17), С. 13429 - 13429

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β tau) has advanced our understanding this been crucial identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical cognitive decline. close interrelationship between eye suggests tears could be interesting source biomarkers studies in area are limited. identification will enable development cost-effective, non-invasive methods screening, diagnosis monitoring. In order use as standard method AD, future need conducted on larger scale.

Язык: Английский

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Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1942 - 1942

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in differentiation and function immune cells, anti-infective responses, immunodeficiencies autoimmune diseases. Roles anticancer immunity transplantation solid organs hematopoietic stem cells also discussed. Major focus put on translational clinical applications miRNAs, including establishment noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis prediction prognosis. Patient selection response to biological therapy one most promising fields application. Replacement or inhibition has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation miRNA fingerprints may contribute an increasingly personalized management dysregulation a remarkable reduction toxicity treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge molecular effects physical exercise nutrition system facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations advances prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Tear biomarkers

Advances in clinical chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 69 - 115

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Application of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Anterior Segment Eye Diseases: A Comprehensive Update Review

The Ocular Surface, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive scoping review of methodological approaches and clinical applications of tear fluid biomarkers.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 106, С. 101338 - 101338

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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miRNA Studies in Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(19), С. 14699 - 14699

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to irreversible blindness, remains challenge because of its complex nature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators gene expression and associated with glaucoma other diseases. We aimed review discuss the advantages disadvantages miRNA-focused molecular studies in through discussing their potential as biomarkers for early detection diagnosis; offering insights into pathways mechanisms; utility respect personalized medicine, therapeutic potential, non-invasive monitoring. Limitations, such variability, small sample sizes, specificity, limited accessibility ocular tissues, also addressed, underscoring need robust protocols collaboration. Reproducibility validation establish credibility miRNA research findings, integration bioinformatics tools database creation is valuable component comprehensive approach investigate aberrations patients glaucoma. Overall, has provided significant mechanisms disease, biomarkers, diagnostic tools, targets. However, addressing challenges variability tissue essential, further investigations will contribute deeper understanding functional significance miRNAs

Язык: Английский

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Retinal Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Early Detection to Personalized Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 1343 - 1343

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss globally, with early detection and intervention critical to preventing severe outcomes. This narrative review examines the role retinal biomarkers-molecular imaging-in improving diagnosis, tracking disease progression, advancing personalized treatment for DR. Key biomarkers, such as inflammatory metabolic markers, imaging findings from optical coherence tomography fluorescence angiography genetic provide insights into mechanisms, help predict monitor responses treatments, like anti-VEGF corticosteroids. While challenges in standardization clinical integration remain, these biomarkers hold promise precision medicine approach that could transform DR management through early, individualized care.

Язык: Английский

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Challenging corneal diseases and miRNA expression: Focus on rare diseases and new therapeutic frontiers

Survey of Ophthalmology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Contact lenses as novel tear fluid sampling vehicles for total RNA isolation, precipitation, and amplification

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Abstract The tear fluid is a readily accessible, potential source for biomarkers of disease and could be used to monitor the ocular response contact lens (CL) wear or ophthalmic pathologies treated by therapeutic CLs. However, remains largely unexplored as biomarker RNA-based molecular analyses. Using rabbit model, this study sought determine whether RNA collected from commercial CLs duration CL would impact recovery. results were referenced standardized strips filtered paper (e.g., Shirmer Strips) placed in inferior fornix. By performing total isolation, precipitation, amplification with kits RT-PCR methods, found have no significant differences concentration purity compared Schirmer Strips. also identified genes that normalize levels between samples. Of control housekeeping genes, GAPDH was most stable. This study, which our knowledge has never been done before, provides methodology detection gene expression changes eye diseases.

Язык: Английский

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A Review of the Tear Film Biomarkers Used to Diagnose Sjogren’s Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(19), С. 10380 - 10380

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

This literature review looks at Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting exocrine glands, particularly the lacrimal and salivary glands. SS manifests as ocular oral dryness, with severe complications like visual dysfunction corneal perforation, well systemic implications, such interstitial lung disease lymphoma. explores use of tear film biomarkers to diagnose SS, emphasizing significance their identification in aiding clinical diagnosis differentiation from other diseases. study identified analyzed 15 papers, encompassing 1142 patients employing various sample collection methods. Tear were categorized by function explored in-depth. Categories include (1) antimicrobials, antivirals, antifungals; (2) components immune regulation; (3) that regulate metabolic processes; (4) inflammatory markers. Noteworthy findings potential diagnostic values lysozyme, lactoferrin, dinucleoside polyphosphates, cathepsin, defensin, antibodies, epidermal fatty acid-binding protein, HLA-DR, ADAM10, aquaporin 5, miRNAs mRNAs. Overall, our understanding composition is enhanced, providing valuable insights into pathogenesis offering foundation for future therapeutic advancements conditions surface.

Язык: Английский

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