Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 25, 2025
Zein
nanoparticles
(ZNPs)
have
gained
significant
attention
as
biocompatible
and
biodegradable
nanocarrier
systems
for
brain-targeted
drug
delivery.
Their
ability
to
encapsulate
hydrophobic
drugs
undergo
surface
modifications
enables
effective
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
penetration
through
receptor-mediated
transcytosis.
Functionalization
approaches,
such
PEGylation
ligand
conjugation,
been
explored
enhance
BBB
transport
improve
bioavailability.
Additionally,
ZNPs
hold
the
potential
theranostic
applications,
integrating
delivery
with
real-time
diagnostics
facilitate
personalized
treatment
strategies.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
evaluation
of
ZNPs,
discussing
their
fabrication
techniques,
modifications,
mechanisms
across
BBB.
A
comparative
analysis
other
(liposomes,
polymeric
NPs,
dendrimers,
lipid-based
carbon
nanotubes)
highlights
superior
biodegradability,
lower
toxicity,
clinical
translation.
Furthermore,
we
explore
latest
advancements
in
ZNP-based
neurological
disorders,
including
glioblastoma,
Parkinson's,
Alzheimer's.
Despite
advantages,
translation
remains
challenging
due
scalability
issues,
batch-to-batch
variability,
regulatory
constraints.
Future
research
should
optimize
functionalization
strategies,
release
kinetics,
conduct
long-term
safety
evaluations.
With
continued
nanotechnology
pharmaceutical
engineering,
represent
promising,
sustainable
platform
improving
therapeutic
interventions.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
characterized
by
the
accumulation
of
amyloid-β
plaques,
neurofibrillary
tangles,
and
chronic
neuroinflammation.
Microglial
cells,
resident
immune
cells
in
central
nervous
system,
play
crucial
role
pathogenesis
AD.
Microglia
can
undergo
polarization,
shifting
between
pro-inflammatory
(M1)
anti-inflammatory
(M2)
phenotypes
response
to
different
stimuli.
Dysregulation
microglial
polarization
towards
phenotype
leads
release
inflammatory
cytokines,
oxidative
stress,
synaptic
dysfunction.
These
processes
contribute
neuronal
damage
cognitive
decline
However,
several
challenges
remain
this
field.
The
complex
molecular
mechanisms
governing
AD
need
be
further
elucidated.
In
review,
we
discuss
underlying
its
implications
progression.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(8), С. 3915 - 3915
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025
Neurological
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
disorders
and
stroke,
represent
significant
medical
challenges
due
to
their
complexity
the
limitations
of
current
treatment
approaches.
This
review
explores
potential
stem
cell
(SC)-derived
exosomes
(Exos)
as
a
transformative
therapeutic
strategy
for
these
diseases.
Exos,
especially
those
derived
from
SCs,
exhibit
natural
targeting
ability,
biocompatibility,
capacity
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
making
them
ideal
vehicles
drug
delivery.
provides
an
in-depth
discussion
properties
advantages
SC-Exos.
It
highlights
synergistic
benefits
in
approaches
treat
neurological
article
discusses
mechanisms
action
SC-Exos,
highlighting
ability
target
specific
cells,
modulate
disease
pathways,
provide
controlled
release
agents.
Applications
have
been
investigated,
demonstrating
improve
outcomes
conditions
such
Alzheimer's
Disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
stroke.
Moreover,
Exos-coated
nanoparticles
(NPs)
combine
Exos
with
multifunctionality
NPs.
integration
takes
advantage
exosome
membrane
biocompatibility
capabilities
while
preserving
NPs'
beneficial
features,
loading
release.
As
result,
NPs
may
enhance
precision,
efficacy,
safety
interventions.
In
conclusion,
SC-Exos
promising
innovative
approach
treating
Gels,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(7), С. 476 - 476
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
Stroke
remains
the
second
leading
cause
of
death
and
a
major
disability
worldwide,
significantly
impacting
individuals,
families,
healthcare
systems.
This
neurological
emergency
can
be
triggered
by
ischemic
events,
including
small
vessel
arteriolosclerosis,
cardioembolism,
large
artery
atherothromboembolism,
as
well
hemorrhagic
incidents
resulting
from
macrovascular
lesions,
venous
sinus
thrombosis,
or
vascular
malformations,
to
significant
neuronal
damage.
The
resultant
motor
impairment,
cognitive
dysfunction,
emotional
disturbances
underscore
urgent
need
for
effective
therapeutic
interventions.
Recent
advancements
in
biomaterials,
particularly
hydrogels,
offer
promising
new
avenues
stroke
management.
Hydrogels,
composed
three-dimensional
networks
hydrophilic
polymers,
are
notable
their
ability
absorb
retain
substantial
amounts
water.
Commonly
used
polymers
hydrogel
formulations
include
natural
like
alginate,
chitosan,
collagen,
synthetic
such
polyethylene
glycol
(PEG),
polyvinyl
alcohol
(PVA),
polyacrylamide.
Their
customizable
characteristics—such
porosity,
swelling
behavior,
mechanical
strength,
degradation
rates—make
hydrogels
ideal
biomedical
applications,
drug
delivery,
cell
tissue
engineering,
controlled
release
agents.
review
comprehensively
explores
hydrogel-based
approaches
both
therapy,
elucidating
mechanisms
which
provide
neuroprotection.
It
covers
application
delivery
systems,
role
reducing
inflammation
secondary
injury,
potential
support
neurogenesis
angiogenesis.
also
discusses
current
technology
challenges
translating
these
innovations
research
into
clinical
practice.
Additionally,
it
emphasizes
limited
number
trials
utilizing
therapies
addresses
associated
limitations
constraints,
underscoring
further
this
field.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(8), С. 1848 - 1848
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
In
recent
years,
the
frequency
of
strokes
has
been
on
rise
year
by
and
become
second
leading
cause
death
around
world,
which
is
characterized
a
high
mortality
rate,
recurrence
disability
rate.
Ischemic
account
for
large
percentage
strokes.
A
reperfusion
injury
in
ischemic
complex
cascade
oxidative
stress,
neuroinflammation,
immune
infiltration,
mitochondrial
damage.
Conventional
treatments
are
ineffective,
presence
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
leads
to
inefficient
drug
delivery
utilization,
so
researchers
turning
their
attention
nano-drug
systems.
Functionalized
systems
have
widely
studied
applied
study
cerebral
diseases
due
favorable
biocompatibility,
efficiency,
strong
specificity,
specific
targeting
ability.
this
paper,
we
briefly
describe
pathological
process
injuries
focus
therapeutic
research
progress
strokes,
aiming
provide
certain
references
understand
(NDDSs).
Medicina,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60(9), С. 1384 - 1384
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024
Nanomedicine
is
a
newer,
promising
approach
to
promote
neuroprotection,
neuroregeneration,
and
modulation
of
the
blood–brain
barrier.
This
review
includes
integration
various
nanomaterials
in
neurological
disorders.
In
addition,
gelatin-based
hydrogels,
which
have
huge
potential
due
biocompatibility,
maintenance
porosity,
enhanced
neural
process
outgrowth,
are
reviewed.
Chemical
modification
these
especially
with
guanidine
moieties,
has
shown
improved
neuron
viability
underscores
tailored
biomaterial
design
applications.
further
discusses
strategies
modulate
barrier—a
factor
critically
associated
effective
delivery
drugs
central
nervous
system.
These
advances
bring
supportive
solutions
solving
conditions
innovative
therapies
for
their
treatment.
Nanomedicine,
as
applied
neuroscience,
presents
significant
leap
forward
new
therapeutic
that
might
help
raise
treatment
management
disorders
much
better
levels.
Our
aim
was
summarize
current
state-of-knowledge
this
field.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 11357 - 11378
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Abstract:
Nanoparticle-based
drug
delivery
presents
a
promising
solution
in
enhancing
therapies
for
neurological
diseases,
particularly
cognitive
impairment.
These
nanoparticles
address
challenges
related
to
the
physicochemical
profiles
of
drugs
that
hinder
their
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
Benefits
include
improved
solubility
due
particle
size
reduction,
enhanced
penetration
across
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
and
sustained
release
mechanisms
suitable
long-term
therapy.
Successful
application
nanoparticle
systems
requires
careful
consideration
characteristics
tailored
CNS
delivery,
encompassing
distribution,
surface
charge
morphology,
loading
capacity,
kinetics.
Literature
review
reveals
three
main
types
developed
function
enhancement:
polymeric
nanoparticles,
lipid-based
metallic
or
inorganic
nanoparticles.
Each
type
its
production
methods
possess
distinct
advantages
limitations.
Further
modifications
such
as
coating
agents
ligand
conjugation
have
been
explored
enhance
brain
cell
uptake.
Evidence
supporting
development
shows
efficacy
outcomes,
evidenced
by
assessments,
modulation
pro-oxidant
markers,
anti-inflammatory
activities.
Despite
these
advancements,
clinical
trials
validating
treating
defects
are
lacking.
Therefore,
findings
underscore
need
researchers
expedite
testing
provide
robust
evidence
potential
nanoparticle-based
systems.
Keywords:
Nanoparticle,
impairment,
nanoparticle,
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(11), С. 1376 - 1376
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024
L.,
commonly
known
as
cocoa,
has
been
an
integral
part
of
human
culture
and
diet
for
thousands
years.
However,
recent
scientific
research
highlighted
its
potential
therapeutic
properties,
particularly
in
the
treatment
cancer
inflammatory
diseases.
This
comprehensive
review
analyzes
anti-inflammatory
anticancer
effects
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1611 - 1611
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
The
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
serves
as
a
highly
selective
between
the
blood
and
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
its
main
function
is
to
protect
brain
from
foreign
substances.
This
physiological
property
plays
crucial
role
in
maintaining
CNS
homeostasis,
but
at
same
time
greatly
limits
delivery
of
drug
molecules
CNS,
thus
posing
major
challenge
for
treatment
neurological
diseases.
Given
that
high
incidence
low
cure
rate
diseases
have
become
global
public
health
problem,
development
effective
BBB
penetration
technologies
important
enhancing
efficiency
delivery,
reducing
systemic
toxicity,
improving
therapeutic
outcomes
review
describes
pathological
properties
BBB,
well
current
challenges
trans-BBB
detailing
structural
basis
protection.
Secondly,
this
paper
reviews
strategies
recent
years,
including
physical,
biological
chemical
approaches,
nanoparticle-based
technologies,
provides
comprehensive
assessment
effectiveness,
advantages
limitations
these
strategies.
It
hoped
will
provide
valuable
references
inspiration
future
researchers
studies
