A New Perspective on Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis: the Early and Critical Role of Platelets in Neuro/Axonal Loss

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorder, with limited treatment options. This disease characterized by differential pathophysiology between grey matter (GM) and white (WM). The predominant WM hallmark the perivascular plaque, associated blood brain barrier (BBB) loss of function, lymphocytic infiltration, microglial reactivity, demyelination axonal injury adequately addressed immunomodulatory drugs. By contrast, mechanisms underlying GM damage remain obscure, consequences for neuroprotective strategies. Cortical pathology already significant in early MS reduced BBB disruption infiltration relative to WM, but highly inflammatory environment, neuro/axonal loss. There no satisfactory explanation occurrence neurodegeneration without large-scale cell influx cortical GM. A candidate mechanism suggests that it results from soluble factors originating meningeal aggregates, which diffuse into tissue trigger activation. However, recent literature highlights role platelets inflammation, together relationship coagulation factors, particularly fibrinogen, MS. Using experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, we identified as drivers neuroinflammation platelet-neuron associations pre-symptomatic stage. We propose fibrinogen leakage across signal platelet represent major participant neurodegeneration. concept compatible new appreciation immune cells neuronal driven sequestered meninges. Graphical

Язык: Английский

Platelet proteomics: an analytical perspective with reference to Tuberculosis

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 118096 - 118096

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский