The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction

Autoimmunity Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(6), С. 103783 - 103783

Опубликована: Март 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Thyroid Dysfunction Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Southeastern Part of Bangladesh: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Health Science Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Globally thyroid disorders (TDs) are common health issues including in the Southeast Asian region. The purpose of this study was to ascertain prevalence Bangladeshi population, with a particular focus on frequency, etiology, comorbidity various diseases. Methods A cross‐sectional research design conducted southeastern part Bangladesh. Information regarding prior diagnosis current management TDs obtained through questionnaire. Results Of 300 respondents, 209 were female, 91 male. Females found be more predominant across all categories ( χ 2 = 17.738, p < 0.05). Furthermore, older age group (31–45 years) demonstrated higher frequency problems (OR: 1.320). Specifically, hyperthyroidism identified as most disorder, followed by hypothyroidism, euthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism less males (18.69%) compared females (43.06%), while hypothyroidism prevalent (46.15%) (27.75%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrates that participants family history have significantly chance 2.991, CI: 1.480–6.044, 0.05) having than those without such history. Interestingly, studied population also exhibited rates comorbidities gastritis, diabetes, cardiovascular Conclusion According study's findings, it is advised concentrate educating Bangladeshis about problems, particularly female population. Moreover, healthcare professionals should check elderly patient's conditions consider possibility dysfunction can coexist other conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Implications of the Global Prevalence of Hyperthyroidism in Cats from a “One Health” Perspective

Pollutants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. 8 - 8

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in cats has been steadily increasing worldwide since the late 1970s. main cause feline remains unknown. underlying was studied from viewpoint “One Health” concept, which is an approach integrating environmental, animal and human health. Looking at dietary difference between are carnivores dogs appear to be omnivores like humans, there a possibility that take comparatively greater amount endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) than humans via fish-based food web. PBDEs have used flame retardants It considered mimic thyroid-stimulating hormones thyroid adenoma, often active produces excessive hormones, resulting symptomatic hyperthyroidism. may associated with Minamata disease caused by methyl-mercury contamination 1950s. This environmental firstly wreaked havoc neurological disorders local cats, this occurrence sign severe would next develop large numbers people. what will emerge beings.

Язык: Английский

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A Scoping Review on the Prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and the Possible Associated Factors

Medical Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 43 - 43

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and characterized by presence of autoantibodies against peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. Several studies have found that global prevalence HT has increased in recent decades, while others show opposite. Methods Results: The objective this scoping review was to synthesize analyze different evaluated (in adults) possible associated factors. following databases were consulted, as follows: MEDLINE, Web Science, PubMed, Scopus. search terms “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “Hashimoto disease” thyroiditis” used. limited articles published between January 1965 October 2024, only English considered. In order reduce selection bias, each article scrutinized using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist independently two authors. Studies included if number participants (study population cases controls, depending on study design) clearly described duplicate excluded. A total 59 identified, vast majority them used a cross-sectional design, methods assessment. Conclusions: Globally, estimated be 5–10%; some areas with prevalences > 20% < 0.5% identified. Prevalence also higher women than men. Multiple underlying factors (genetic, epigenetic, environmental, lifestyle), together socioeconomic, nutritional, overdiagnosis, inter alia, may explain (at least part) wide variability HT.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the comorbidity mechanisms between atherosclerosis and hashimoto’s thyroiditis based on microarray and single-cell sequencing analysis

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Abstract Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by inflammation of the arterial wall and formation cholesterol plaques. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) an autoimmune disorder marked destruction thyroid tissue. Although previous studies have identified common risk factors between AS HT, specific etiology pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. We obtained relevant datasets for HT from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). By employing Limma package, we pinpointed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) discerned co-expression modules linked to via Weighted Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). elucidated gene functions regulatory networks across various biological scenarios through enrichment pathway analysis using Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG). Core were Cytoscape software further validated with external datasets. also conducted immune infiltration on core utilizing CIBERSORT method. Lastly, Single-cell was instrumental in uncovering diagnostic markers. Based differential WGCNA, 119 candidate within cohorts HT. KEGG GO analyses indicate that are significantly involved antigen processing presentation, along immune-inflammatory pathways. Two pivotal genes, PTPRC TYROBP, five algorithms cytoHubba plugin. Validation confirmed their substantial value Moreover, results Set Enrichment (GSEA) indicated enriched receptor interactions signaling Immune revealed strong association lymphocytes macrophages pathogenesis demonstrated predominant expression macrophages, monocytes, T cells Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP). This study proposes aberrant response might represent shared mechanism The TYROBP as critical potential biomarkers therapeutic targets comorbid conditions. Furthermore, could serve promising future strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Supplementation with active vitamin D3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by modulating the differentiation and functionality of intrathyroidal T-cell subsets

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Objective People with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) often have low vitamin D3 concentrations. Some research has suggested that supplementation reduces thyroid inflammation, but this remains controversial. Methods EAT was induced in female NOD/ShiLtJ mice by giving them water containing 0.05% sodium iodide, and 1μg/kg of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 3 injected intraperitoneally every other day. After 8 weeks, the morphological architecture mouse follicles examined histological sections, autoantibodies hormone concentrations were determined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), major functions subsets B- T-lymphocytes tissue multiple immunofluorescence technology ELISA. Results caused follicle destruction interfollicular lymphocyte infiltration mice, increased circulating autoimmune antibodies TG-Ab TPO-Ab, abnormal levels. also number functionality CD4+ Tfh, Th17,Th1 Th2 cells thyroid, while decreasing Treg CD19 + B10 cells. Treatment VD3 reversed these changes. Conclusion Vitamin can effectively treat mice. damage decreases serum antibody levels inhibiting differentiation pro-inflammatory Th17, Th1 facilitating anti-inflammatory Treg.

Язык: Английский

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Editorial: Omics in endocrinology: from biomarker discovery to targeting therapeutic strategies

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid disease (TD) are two endocrine disorders that closely linked to metabolic dysfunction, thus representing established health concerns worldwide (Kalra et al., 2019). T2DM is a chronic condition marked by β-cell abnormal glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance (DeFronzo 2015). Thyroid diseases involve hormone production regulation abnormalities, affecting metabolism the immune response (Chauhan Patel, 2024;Yamauchi Yabe, 2025). Both conditions significantly influence quality of life patients increase their risk developing other complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neurological impairments. Furthermore, obesity associated with incidence these (Pulgaron Delamater, 2014). The key mechanisms underlying complex multifactorial. In diabetes, dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells leads inadequate production, inducing loss sensitivity peripheral tissues, muscle adipose tissue (Donath Shoelson, 2011). Moreover, systemic inflammation, dysregulated adipokine secretion, altered lipid relate progression (Gasmi 2021;Chen 2022). Genetic environmental factors TD contribute function, frequently driven autoimmune (Tomer Davies, 2003;Bao 2021).With well-established guidelines diagnose disorders, development new classes medications continues (McGill 2024;Tywanek 2024), whereas nanotechnology may revolutionize disorder treatments, bridging diagnostics therapies (Yang 2013;Yan 2024). Nonetheless, omics technologies have advanced discovery (Costanzo for monitoring biomarkers progression, predicting treatment response, improving follow-up care disorders. These approaches enable diagnosis more precise personalized strategies (Olivier 2019;Beger 2020). Metabolomics, particular, lean on mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identify, characterize, monitor molecules clinical purposes (Roviello 2014;Costanzo 2022;Aleidi 2023;Costanzo Caterino, 2023). Further multi-omics data integration through computational models has been proven instrumental validating prioritizing use (Pietzner 2018;Reel 2021;Zhang This Research Topic collected original research articles provide advances many aspects endocrinological diseases, including obesity. Given hormones lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, involvement expected. To this purpose, using joint longitudinal time-to-event data, Amirabadizadeh al. investigated association between serum changes thyroid-stimulating (TSH) free thyroxine (FT4) levels [19]. They used from 1938 individuals Tehran Study cohort identified cases T2DM. Their findings revealed some dynamic variations connected A significant reverse TSH was demonstrated. results suggested an intricate interplay activity risk, highlighting significance screening preventive approach T2DM.Aleidi profiles Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) MS-based untargeted metabolomics [20]. Based oral tolerance test (OGTT), 40 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks gestation were screened, 20 them affected GDM, while control. analysis distinctive differences GDM healthy women, number metabolites ones. most relevant pathways metabolome included tryptophan inositol phosphate phenylalanine histidine metabolism. authors selected set 10 metabolites, N-acetylproline serylmethionine, whose combination showed high diagnostic importance AUC value (0.978). Importantly, could potentially be tested novel detectable specificity place standard OGTT GDM. Masood explored plasma proteome following liraglutide, longacting agonist GLP-1 receptor, showing strong therapeutic interest its role weight treatment. signaling proposed activated receptor binding activation cAMP cascade, resulting effective regulation, improved decreased glucagon lower food intake, increased satiety. However, elucidate molecular liraglutide effects, applied label-free quantitative proteomics identify potential before initiating after three months 3 mg therapy. Proteome reduction inflammation oxidative stress boost glycolytic lipolytic pathways.Finally, Tang relative exposure different doses hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), being carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid well depression. studied neuro-health risks analyzing rat astrocytes via metabolomics. Specifically, they highlighted critical roles sphingolipid methioninecysteine cycle neurotoxicity, apoptosis methionine-cysteine playing damage.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of BTK as an immune-related biomarker for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by integrated bioinformatic analysis

BMC Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by diffuse enlargement thyroid gland, lymphocyte infiltration, and thyroid-specific autoantibodies. Cellular humoral immune have been implicated in development HT. However, little known regarding role immune-related molecules This study was aimed to identify key biomarkers HT using bioinformatic analysis. Integration sequencing data from normal control (NC) GSA GTEx databases yielded a dataset named NGS. The GSE138198 GEO database downloaded as validation set. WGCNA analysis performed modules associated with Lasso regression (LASSO) random forest (RF) were determine potential diagnostic biomarkers. value assessed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve CIBERSORT algorithm used evaluate infiltration cells NC samples. transcript levels verified genes expanded samples detected quantitative real-time PCR. A total 1,401 differentially expressed (DEGs) identified patients. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that these DEGs predominantly enriched pathways. Furthermore, 192 through intersection modules, DEGs, IRGs. Among them, two upregulated ((Bruton's tyrosine kinase, BTK) CD19) showed for machine learning. ROC revealed BTK had higher than CD19 across datasets. Intriguingly, only expression peripheral blood mononuclear patients, significantly positively correlated serum Further studies confirmed significant positive correlation between increased proportions plasma which might be involved pathogenesis regulating represented biomarker

Язык: Английский

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Radiomics Advances in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(03), С. 1313 - 1322

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Comorbidity mechanisms of atherosclerosis and hashimoto's thyroiditis: A multiscale gene expression analysis based on microarray and single-cell sequencing

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by inflammation of the arterial wall and formation cholesterol plaques. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) an autoimmune disorder marked destruction thyroid tissue. Although previous studies have identified common risk factors between AS HT, specific etiology pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Method: We obtained relevant datasets for HT from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). By employing Limma package, we pinpointed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) discerned co-expression modules linked to via Weighted Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). elucidated gene functions regulatory networks across various biological scenarios through enrichment pathway analysis using Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG). Core were Cytoscape software further validated with external datasets. also conducted immune infiltration on core utilizing CIBERSORT method. Single-cell was instrumental in uncovering diagnostic markers. Lastly, predicted potential drugs targeting DGIdb database. Results: Based differential WGCNA, 119 candidate within cohorts HT. KEGG GO analyses indicate that are significantly involved antigen processing presentation, along immune-inflammatory pathways. Two pivotal genes, PTPRC TYROBP, five algorithms cytoHubba plugin. Validation confirmed their substantial value Moreover, results Set Enrichment (GSEA) indicated enriched receptor interactions signaling Immune revealed strong association lymphocytes macrophages pathogenesis demonstrated predominant expression macrophages, monocytes, T cells, CMP. Conclusion: This study proposes aberrant response might represent shared mechanism The TYROBP as critical biomarkers therapeutic targets comorbid conditions. Furthermore, cells could serve promising future strategies.

Язык: Английский

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