Hesperetin-Enhanced Metformin to Alleviate Cognitive Impairment via Gut–Brain Axis in Type 2 Diabetes Rats
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(5), С. 1923 - 1923
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2025
Diabetes
constitutes
a
risk
factor
for
cognitive
impairment,
whereas
insulin
resistance
serves
as
the
shared
pathogenesis
underlying
both
diabetes
and
decline.
The
use
of
metformin
treating
impairment
remains
controversial.
present
study
found
that
hesperetin,
flavanone
derived
from
citrus
peel,
enhanced
metformin's
efficacy
in
reducing
blood
sugar
levels,
improving
sensitivity,
ameliorating
diabetic
rats.
Additionally,
it
reduced
required
dosage
to
one-third
its
conventional
dose.
Transcriptome
analysis
16S
rRNA
sequencing
revealed
activation
cyclic-adenosine
monophosphate
response
element
binding
protein
(CREB)/brain-derived
neurotrophic
(BDNF)
pathways
benefited
regulation
gut
microbiota
promotion
short-chain
fatty
acid
(SCFA)
producers
such
Romboutsia.
Furthermore,
this
demonstrated
hesperetin
supplementation
counteracted
upregulation
β-site
amyloid
precursor
cleaving
enzyme
1
(BACE1),
pathological
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
was
induced
by
metformin.
Our
findings
reveal
can
be
used
supplementary
treatment
associated
with
diabetes.
Язык: Английский
Advancements in the Esterification of Phytosterols Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase
Catalysts,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 225 - 225
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Phytosterol
exhibits
cholesterol-lowering,
cardiovascular-protecting,
anti-inflammatory,
and
anticancer
efficacies
but
has
low
bioavailability
due
to
its
high
melting
point
poor
solubility.
Esterification
with
fatty
acids
enhances
liposolubility,
improving
absorption
utilization
fivefold.
Industrial
production
of
phytosterol
esters
mainly
relies
on
chemical
synthesis,
which
faces
challenges
in
separation,
purification,
quality
assurance
side
reactions.
Enzymatic
featuring
mild
conditions,
environmental
friendliness,
selectivity,
gained
attention
from
academia
industry.
Candida
rugosa
lipase
(CRL)
is
widely
utilized
efficiency
catalyzing
the
esterification
phytosterol.
Natural
lipases
are
highly
sensitive
changes
temperature
pH
difficult
reuse
continuous
cycles;
however,
certain
immobilization
techniques
can
improve
their
catalytic
activity
stability.
Furthermore,
application
immobilized
synthesis
be
combined
ultrasonic
treatment
enhance
enzymatic
catalysis.
This
paper
reviews
research
progress
by
lipases,
highlighting
current
future
directions,
thereby
fostering
further
advancements
field
preparing
through
Язык: Английский