Snake Venom Compounds: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections DOI Creative Commons
Muttiah Barathan, Alfizah Hanafiah

Toxins, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 221 - 221

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious global health issue, and it emphasizes the need for novel antimicrobial agents. This review explores potential snake venom as another alternative strategy against resistance. Snake venoms are complex combinations bioactive peptides proteins, including metalloproteases (MPs), serine proteases (SPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, three-finger toxins (3FTXs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), (AMPs). antibacterial products possess wide-spectrum activity resistant microbes via diverse mechanisms such cell membrane disruption, enzymatic hydrolysis microbial structures, generation oxidative stress, inhibition biofilms, immunomodulation. Strong reported by most studies, but these mostly restricted to in vitro testing with low translational use. Although preliminary insights into molecular targets physiological effects exist, further studies needed clarify long-term safety therapeutic potential. Special attention given venom-derived extracellular vesicles (SVEVs), which enhance protecting them from degradation, improving bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery. Furthermore, innovative delivery strategies PEGylation, liposomes, hydrogels, microneedle patches, biopolymer films, nanoparticles discussed their role reducing systemic toxicity enhancing efficacy. rational modification expands utility pharmacokinetics minimizing off-target effects. Together, approaches highlight venom-based therapies next-generation antimicrobials fight infections. By outlining challenges directions, this positions an overlooked fertile resource battle antibiotic

Язык: Английский

Antimicrobial Coatings Based on Hybrid Iron Oxide Nanoparticles DOI Creative Commons

Doina-Antonia Mercan,

Dana-Ionela Tudorache,

Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu

и другие.

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(9), С. 637 - 637

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

This study presents the preparation of hybrid iron oxide nanocomposites through a two-step process combining microfluidic-assisted synthesis and post-synthetic surface modification. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized simultaneously functionalized with salicylic acid using three-dimensional vortex-type microfluidic chip, enabling rapid uniform particle formation. The resulting Fe3O4/SA nanostructures further modified either silver or copper to form enhanced antimicrobial functionality. These subsequently integrated into silica aerogel matrices dip-coating approach improve dispersion, structural stability, biocompatibility. morphological properties samples investigated XRD, FT-IR, TEM SAED analysis, Raman microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that Fe3O4/SA–Ag Fe3O4/SA–CuO exhibit potent antibacterial activity cell type-dependent vivo biodistribution studies showed no accumulation in major organs selective clearance via spleen, validating systemic safety platform. findings highlight potential as biocompatible, coatings for advanced biomedical surfaces.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Snake Venom Compounds: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections DOI Creative Commons
Muttiah Barathan, Alfizah Hanafiah

Toxins, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 221 - 221

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious global health issue, and it emphasizes the need for novel antimicrobial agents. This review explores potential snake venom as another alternative strategy against resistance. Snake venoms are complex combinations bioactive peptides proteins, including metalloproteases (MPs), serine proteases (SPs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, three-finger toxins (3FTXs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), (AMPs). antibacterial products possess wide-spectrum activity resistant microbes via diverse mechanisms such cell membrane disruption, enzymatic hydrolysis microbial structures, generation oxidative stress, inhibition biofilms, immunomodulation. Strong reported by most studies, but these mostly restricted to in vitro testing with low translational use. Although preliminary insights into molecular targets physiological effects exist, further studies needed clarify long-term safety therapeutic potential. Special attention given venom-derived extracellular vesicles (SVEVs), which enhance protecting them from degradation, improving bioavailability, facilitating targeted delivery. Furthermore, innovative delivery strategies PEGylation, liposomes, hydrogels, microneedle patches, biopolymer films, nanoparticles discussed their role reducing systemic toxicity enhancing efficacy. rational modification expands utility pharmacokinetics minimizing off-target effects. Together, approaches highlight venom-based therapies next-generation antimicrobials fight infections. By outlining challenges directions, this positions an overlooked fertile resource battle antibiotic

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0