
Advances in Civil Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2025(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Using agricultural wastes as construction materials for environmentally friendly offers practical and economic advantages. Several types of have been researched proposed to the industry sustainable construction. Coconut shell (CS), a by‐product extracting coconut oil or milk, has focus research over past two decades. Researchers used it an aggregate in concrete mixtures. This article provides comprehensive review previous on properties CS its influence mechanical concrete, compared normal weight other lightweight concretes. revealed that is porous material with specific gravity ranging from 1.03 1.56, which significantly less than conventional aggregates. composed hard fibrous material, making durable, strong, flexible. When coarse (fully partially) mixtures, density 1445 2530 kg/m³ compressive strength 5–56 MPa can be produced. The optimal contribution rates achieve desired range between 20% 50%. However, higher content poses challenges workability leads low modulus elasticity. application pozzolanic 20%–30%, along superplasticizer, improve overall both fresh hardened states. It also suggested adding fibers at volume fraction 0.5%–1.0% substantially increase tensile flexural strengths while improving cracking impact resistance.
Язык: Английский