Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Abstract This study proposes a mathematical model for HIV-1 infection and investigates their qualitative dynamics such as stability, bistability, bifurcation properties. The builds on existing models by incorporating the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) modeling immune-cell through non-monotone functional responses, capturing may help to gain insights into immune activation behaviors. Further, this discusses presence bistability phenomena, indicating that can switch between multiple equilibriums depending parameters initial conditions. To ensure disease spread in community, determines formula calculate basic reproduction number model. Theoretically, performs disease-free, immune-free, steady-state analysis determine threshold conditions focusing saddle-node, trans-critical Hopf-type relies significant parameters. also works data-driven approach appropriate population with clinical trials performed human patients 15 weeks.
Язык: Английский