Microbial Processing of Jellyfish Detritus in the Ocean

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2020

When jellyfish blooms decay, sinking detrital organic matter (jelly-OM), rich in proteins and characterized by a low C:N ratio, becomes significant source of OM for marine microorganisms. Yet, the key players process microbial jelly-OM degradation consequences ecosystems remain unclear. We simulated scenario potentially experienced coastal pelagic microbiome after decay bloom cosmopolitan

Язык: Английский

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Corals and Sponges Under the Light of the Holobiont Concept: How Microbiomes Underpin Our Understanding of Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

In the past 20 years, a new concept has slowly emerged and expanded to various domains of marine biology research: holobiont. A holobiont describes consortium formed by eukaryotic host its associated microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, protists, microalgae, fungi, viruses. From coral reefs deep-sea, symbiotic relationships host–microbiome interactions are omnipresent central health ecosystems. Studying organisms under light is paradigm that impacts many aspects sciences. This approach an innovative way understanding complex functioning organisms, their evolution, ecological roles within ecosystems, adaptation face environmental changes. review offers broad insight into key concepts studies current knowledge model holobionts. Firstly, history expansion use from evolutionary sciences other fields will be discussed. Then, ecology physiology holobionts investigated through examples corals sponges. We discuss change on at level how microbiomes contribute resilience and/or vulnerability in stressors. Finally, we conclude with development technologies, holistic approaches, future prospects for conservation surrounding

Язык: Английский

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Holobiont nitrogen control and its potential for eutrophication resistance in an obligate photosymbiotic jellyfish

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2021

Abstract Background Marine holobionts depend on microbial members for health and nutrient cycling. This is particularly evident in cnidarian-algae symbioses that facilitate energy acquisition. However, this partnership highly sensitive to environmental change—including eutrophication—that causes dysbiosis contributes global coral reef decline. Yet, some exhibit resistance eutrophic environments, including the obligate photosymbiotic scyphomedusa Cassiopea xamachana . Methods Our aim was assess mechanisms C. stabilize symbiotic relationships. We combined labelled bicarbonate ( 13 C) nitrate 15 N) with metabarcoding approaches evaluate cycling community composition aposymbiotic medusae. Results C-fixation by algal Symbiodiniaceae essential as even at high heterotrophic feeding rates medusae continuously lost weight. Heterotrophically acquired C N were readily shared among host algae. sharp contrast assimilation Symbiodiniaceae, which appeared be strongly restricted. Instead, bacterial microbiome seemed play a major role holobiont’s DIN uptake showed significant positive relationship phylogenetic diversity of medusa-associated bacteria. corroborated inferred functional capacity links dominant taxa (~90 %) nitrogen Observed structure differed between apo- putatively highlighting enrichment ammonium oxidizers nitrite reducers depletion nitrogen-fixers Conclusion Host, symbionts, associates contribute regulated xamachana. found seemingly structured increase removal enforce N-limitation—a mechanism would help host-algae under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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The Life Cycle of Aurelia aurita Depends on the Presence of a Microbiome in Polyps Prior to Onset of Strobilation

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Aurelia aurita's intricate life cycle alternates between benthic polyp and pelagic medusa stages. The strobilation process, a critical asexual reproduction mechanism in this jellyfish, is severely compromised the absence of natural microbiome, with limited production release ephyrae. Yet, recolonization sterile polyps native microbiome can correct defect. Here, we investigated precise timing necessary for as well host-associated molecular processes involved. We deciphered that microbiota had to be present prior onset ensure normal successful polyp-to-medusa transition. Providing after failed restore process. was associated decreased transcription developmental genes monitored by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Transcription these exclusively observed were recolonized before initiation strobilation. further propose direct cell contact host its bacteria required offspring. Overall, our findings indicate presence at stage essential IMPORTANCE All multicellular organisms are microorganisms play fundamental roles health fitness host. Notably, Cnidarian aurita crucial Sterile display malformed strobilae halt ephyrae release, which restored recolonizing microbiota. Despite that, little known about microbial impact on process's consequences. study shows A. depends Moreover, individuals correlate reduced levels genes, evidencing microbiome's level. detected those initiating strobilation, suggesting microbiota-dependent gene regulation.

Язык: Английский

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Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora of the Eastern Adriatic: Historical Overview and New Data

Diversity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(5), С. 186 - 186

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2021

One of the obstacles to detecting regional trends in jellyfish populations is lack a defined baseline. In Adriatic Sea, fauna (Scyphozoa and Ctenophora) poorly studied compared other taxa. Therefore, our goal was collect systematize all available data provide baseline for future studies. Here we present phenological relative abundances based on 2010–2019 scientific surveys “citizen science” sighting program along eastern Adriatic. Inter-annual variability, seasonality spatial distribution patterns Scyphomedusae Ctenophore species were described with existing historical literature. Mass occurrences clear seasonal pattern related geographical location observed meroplanktonic Aurelia solida, Rhizostoma pulmo, lesser extent Chrysaora hysoscella, Cotylorhiza tuberculata Discomedusa lobata. Holoplanktonic Pelagia noctiluca also formed large aggregations, which seasonally less predictable restricted central southern Four Ctenophora produced blooms limited few areas: Bolinopsis vitrea, Leucothea multicornis, Cestum veneris non-native Mnemiopsis leidyi. However, differences between subregions have become pronounced since 2014. Our results suggest that gelatinous organisms are assuming an increasingly important role ecosystem, may alter balance food web lead harmful undesirable effects.

Язык: Английский

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Jellyfish blooms through the microbial lens: temporal changes, cross-species and Jellyfish-water comparisons

Environmental Microbiome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

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First description of the Haliclystus auricula (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) jellyfish bacterial microbiome

Polar Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 48(3)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Chemical Defenses in Medusozoa

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(6), С. 229 - 229

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

Cnidarian defensive strategies are commonly associated with the toxins they synthesize. Because have negative, sometimes lethal, effects on humans, research has focused them for medical and biotechnological applications. However, Cnidaria possess a variety of systems complementing toxins. In recent decades, ecological studies shed light these systems, particularly in Anthozoa, while knowledge different from remained limited Medusozoa (Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa Staurozoa). this review, we collected scattered information available literature organized it into four main topics: UV-light protection compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobial peptides, endosymbionts. Within topics, found largest amount data refers to activities, which suggests line as potential exploitation group organisms often appearing large aggregates. We also that some been studied detail model organisms, although close phylogenetic relationship among classes may be common other members classes. Indeed, an integrated understanding inform not only evolutionary frameworks, but applications—from identification novel antioxidants or agents valorization Medusozoan biomass.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(9), С. 437 - 437

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2020

Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination culture-based approaches a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), based on available knowledge warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared microbial community R. adult Gulf Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) winter (February 2017) sampling periods. microbiota was investigated three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Thaumarchaeota were phyla isolated from all compartments times. In particular, main genera Mycoplasma Spiroplasma, belonging to class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), been identified compartments. taxonomic data coupled metabolic profiles resulting utilization 31 different carbon sources by BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms characterized great diversity. counts culturable heterotrophic bacteria potential activities remarkable. Results discussed terms ecology, health hazard for marine human life well biotechnological applications related microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Selecting 16S rRNA Primers for Microbiome Analysis in a Host–Microbe System: The Case of the Jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 955 - 955

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is extensively used to characterize bacterial communities, including those living in association with eukaryotic hosts. Deciding which region analyze and selecting appropriate PCR primers remains a major decision when initiating any new microbiome study. Based on detailed literature survey studies focusing cnidarian microbiomes, we compared three commonly targeting different hypervariable regions gene, V1V2, V3V4, V4V5, using jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica as model. Although all exhibit similar pattern community composition, performance V3V4 primer set was superior V1V2 V4V5. The misclassified bacteria from Bacilli class exhibited low classification resolution for Rickettsiales, represent second most abundant sequence primers. V4V5 detected almost same composition but ability these also amplify 18S may hinder observations. However, after overcoming challenges possessed by each one primers, found that them show very dynamics compositions. Nevertheless, based our results, propose potentially suitable studying jellyfish-associated communities. Our results suggest that, at least samples, it be feasible directly compare microbial estimates studies, otherwise experimental protocols. More generally, recommend specifically testing organism or system prelude large-scale amplicon analyses, especially previously unstudied host-microbe associations.

Язык: Английский

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