
Exploration of Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025
Aim: To assess circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in mid-gestation pregnant women from South India, with (RPL) without history recurrent pregnancy loss (non-RPL) its correlation neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods: Blood samples were collected 400 attending government maternity hospital, Hyderabad, subjected enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokines. NLR was calculated absolute cell counts obtained hospital records. Mann-Whitney U Spearman r conducted as data followed non-normal distribution. Results: We found significantly decreased level TGF-β elevated TNF-α, TNF-α/TGF-β (P < 0.0001), = 0.0007) patients over controls. Receiver operating curve characteristics (area under curve: 0.96) superior individual cytokines when compared the control group. A negative noted between RPL group 0.0041). Conclusions: Our results are indicative predominant pro-inflammatory environment during contrary anti-inflammatory milieu This is first study that attempted connect cellular RPL. The affordability track inflammation promised by inverse TGF-β. However, further longitudinal studies warranted spanning all stages gestation normal establish our observations. limitations include other factors drive status like emotional dysregulation associated chronic unexplored.
Язык: Английский