Recent advances in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review
Frontiers in Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Knee
osteoarthritis
(OA)
is
a
common
condition
that
causes
pain
and
reduces
the
quality
of
life
for
many
people.
It
also
leads
to
high
health
financial
costs.
Managing
knee
OA
requires
using
different
methods
together
best
results.
This
review
overviews
current
therapeutic
options
pain,
focusing
on
their
efficacy,
safety,
potential
roles
in
clinical
practice.
Topical
treatments,
such
as
NSAIDs
capsaicin,
offer
significant
relief
with
minimal
systemic
side
effects
are
suitable
initial
therapy,
nonpharmacologic
interventions
like
exercise
and,
when
relevant,
weight
loss.
Oral
analgesics,
including
acetaminophen
opioids,
have
limited
efficacy
serious
effects,
making
them
appropriate
only
short-term
or
rescue
therapy.
Intra-articular
injections,
corticosteroids,
hyaluronic
acid,
platelet
rich
plasma,
demonstrate
varying
levels
safety.
Nutritional
supplements,
curcumin,
Boswellia
serrata
,
glucosaminechondroitin
combinations,
modest
benefits
used
adjuncts
standart
treatment.
Nonpharmacological
transcutaneous
electrical
nerve
stimulation
(TENS),
acupuncture,
local
heat
provide
variable
should
be
customized
based
individual
patient
responses.
Targeted
biologic
agents,
antibodies
TNF-α,
IL-1,
NGF,
hold
promise
more
precise
relief;
however,
further
research
required
establish
routine
use.
Treating
personalized,
combining
several
methods.
Research
must
continue
improve
treatments
make
safer.
Язык: Английский
Action of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on ABCA-1 protein (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter-1) in endothelial cells stimulated with uremic serum
Lipids in Health and Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
Abstract
The
high
incidence
of
cardiovascular
events
in
chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
exhibits
an
epidemic
character,
affecting
patients
predialysis,
hemodialysis,
and
post-transplant
stages,
accounting
for
approximately
50%
deaths,
with
a
mortality
rate
around
9%
per
year.
Statins
are
primarily
used
the
treatment
dyslipidemia
possess
pleiotropic
effects
that
not
yet
fully
understood.
Moreover,
there
is
insufficient
evidence
to
support
their
use
attenuating
outcomes
or
potential
role
modulating
ABCA-1
transporter
CKD.
Thus,
aim
this
study
was
investigate
effect
statins
on
modulation
cultures
human
umbilical
vein
endothelial
cells
(HUVEC)
incubated
uremic
serum
from
CKD
patients.
results
demonstrate
influence
inflammatory
response
HUVEC
exposed
environment
by
reducing
TNF-α
secretion
compared
baseline
levels.
Furthermore,
found
decrease
expression
LxR-β
RxR-α,
leading
consequent
reduction
HUVEC.
Cells
pre-treated
simvastatin
exhibited
increased
ABCA-1,
LxR-β,
along
significant
increase
transcription
LXR-β,
indicating
may
exert
positive
RxR-α
receptors,
activating
transcription.
Graphical
Язык: Английский
Assessing Omega-3 Therapy and Its Cardiovascular Benefits: What About Icosapent Ethyl? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(4), С. 601 - 601
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2025
Background:
Lipid-lowering
therapies
are
an
option
for
stabilizing
lipid
levels.
Icosapent
ethyl
(IPE)
is
a
highly
purified
formulation
of
eicosapentaenoic
acid,
which
can
reduce
action,
improve
plaque
stabilization,
platelet
aggregation,
lower
TG,
and
prevent
cardiovascular
events.
IPE
frequently
used
with
statins
to
manage
elevated
TG
However,
the
evidence
on
as
lipid-lowering
agent
limited,
no
updated
systematic
review
meta-analysis
have
been
published
considering
recent
advancements
in
field
newly
studies.
Therefore,
we
aim
fill
this
gap.
Methods:
We
PRISMA
guidelines
PICO
(Population,
Intervention,
Comparison,
Outcome)
framework
conduct
review,
aiming
answer
question,
“Can
benefit
patients
at
risk?”
GRADE
was
evaluate
levels
adhere
highest
criteria.
Results:
Predominantly,
evaluated
population
presented
between
≥135
mg/dL
500
LDL-C
>40
≤100
mg/dL.
The
included
studies
showed
reduction
decrease
It
means
that,
according
our
analysis,
has
effective
lowering
blood
levels,
including
reducing
death
events,
such
non-fatal
stroke
or
hospitalization
unstable
angina.
it
worth
noting
that
these
results
were
primarily
from
undergoing
statin
therapy.
According
meta-analysis,
may
not
be
considered
drug,
limited
action
associated
its
use
evident
quantitative
results.
caution
necessary,
only
two
suitable
inclusion
due
differing
outcomes
analyzed
samples.
Conclusions:
Despite
synthesis,
possesses
anti-inflammatory,
anti-thrombotic,
anti-atherogenic
properties,
related
protection.
Based
studies,
promising
therapy
atherosclerotic
disease
conjunction
other
therapies,
particularly
statins,
extremely
high
limitations
reviewed
include
small
sample
sizes,
varying
outcomes,
duration
interventions.
Future
clinical
trials
similar
intervention
durations
must
designed,
meta-analyses
following
years
fully
assess
effects
protector
drug.
Язык: Английский
Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy?
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(12), С. 1637 - 1637
Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2024
Cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
remains
a
leading
global
health
concern,
with
atherosclerosis
being
its
principal
cause.
Standard
CVD
treatments
primarily
focus
on
mitigating
cardiovascular
(CV)
risk
factors
through
lifestyle
changes
and
cholesterol-lowering
therapies.
As
is
marked
by
chronic
arterial
inflammation,
the
innate
adaptive
immune
systems
play
vital
roles
in
progression,
either
exacerbating
or
alleviating
development.
This
intricate
interplay
positions
system
as
compelling
therapeutic
target.
Consequently,
immunomodulatory
strategies
have
gained
increasing
attention,
though
none
yet
reached
widespread
clinical
adoption.
Safety
concerns,
particularly
suppression
of
host
defenses,
remain
significant
barrier
to
application
anti-inflammatory
Recent
decades
revealed
role
responses
plaque-associated
autoantigens
atherogenesis,
opening
new
perspectives
for
targeted
immunological
interventions.
Preclinical
models
indicate
that
vaccines
targeting
specific
atherosclerosis-related
can
slow
progression
while
preserving
systemic
function.
In
this
context,
numerous
experimental
studies
advanced
understanding
vaccine
development
exploring
diverse
pathways.
Key
include
passive
immunization
using
naturally
occurring
immunoglobulin
G
(IgG)
antibodies
active
low-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(LDL-C)
apolipoproteins,
such
apolipoprotein
B100
(ApoB100)
CIII
(ApoCIII).
Other
approaches
involve
formulations
aimed
at
proteins
regulate
metabolism,
including
proprotein
convertase
subtilisin/kexin
type
9
(PCSK9),
cholesteryl
ester
transfer
protein
(CETP),
angiopoietin-like
3
(ANGPTL3).
Furthermore,
literature
highlights
potential
developing
non-lipid-related
vaccines,
key
targets
heat
shock
(HSPs),
interleukins
(ILs),
angiotensin
III
(Ang
III),
disintegrin
metalloproteinase
thrombospondin
motifs
7
(ADAMTS-7).
However,
translating
these
promising
findings
into
safe
effective
therapies
presents
substantial
challenges.
review
provides
critical
evaluation
current
anti-atherosclerotic
vaccination
strategies,
examines
their
proposed
mechanisms
action,
discusses
challenges
need
be
overcome
enable
translation.
Язык: Английский