Fortifying plant fortresses: siderophores in defense against Cercospora leaf spot disease in Vigna radiata L.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Siderophores, specialized iron-chelating molecules produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D5, were investigated for their role in enhancing plant defense mechanisms against Cercospora canescens mung bean ( Vigna radiata L. ). Siderophores extracted and purified using Amberlite XAD-4 applied to plants at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 µg/mL, followed pathogen inoculation. The treatments significantly influenced enzymatic activities defense-related gene expression. On Day 6, peroxidase (POD) activity reached its highest value 0.563 the SP15 (siderophore + µg/mL) treatment, with S15 (siderophore-only showing a lower but significant increase 0.453, while control groups remained unchanged. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) peaked (0.10 U/mL), (0.08 highlighting these stress responses. Chitinase was elevated on sustained response through 8, no change observed group. Total phenolic content (100 µg/mL), ramified immune whereas recorded 80 above control. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated effectiveness siderophore treatments. Catalase upregulated 21.1-fold siderophore-only treatment amplified 25.9-fold SP15. Epoxide hydrolase (EH) increased 77.3-fold synergized over 90-fold Similarly, PR10 showed moderate upregulation higher levels SP15, reflecting enhanced defense. Calmodulin (CAL) moderately regulated These findings underscore dual siderophores nutrient acquisition as potent elicitors defenses, potential bio-stimulants. Field trials are essential validate results under natural conditions optimize use agriculture.

Язык: Английский

Kobresia Humilis: Root-Released Flavonoids Recruit Bacillus for Promoted Growth

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский