Spent Mushroom Substrate-Derived Biochar and Its Applications in Modern Agricultural Systems: An Extensive Overview
Life,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 317 - 317
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
Spent
mushroom
substrate
(SMS),
a
nutrient-dense
byproduct
of
cultivation,
has
emerged
as
promising
feedstock
for
biochar
production,
offering
sustainable
solution
to
modern
agricultural
and
environmental
challenges.
This
review
explores
SMS
properties,
its
conversion
into
biochar,
various
applications.
Due
lignocellulosic
structure,
high
organic
matter
(OM),
essential
nutrients,
is
ideal
pyrolysis,
process
that
enhances
biochar's
porosity,
nutrient
retention,
carbon
stability.
These
properties
improve
soil
fertility,
water
microbial
activity,
plant
growth
while
also
contributing
climate
change
mitigation
through
sequestration.
SMS-derived
stands
out
superior
benefits,
including
balanced
pH,
rich
profile,
the
ability
adsorb
heavy
metals,
which
mitigates
contamination
minimizes
toxic
risks
in
food
chain.
By
enhancing
cycling,
moisture
supports
farming
practices
reduce
chemical
fertilizer
use
boost
resilience.
Beyond
applications,
effective
wastewater
treatment,
mitigating
diseases,
improving
cultivation
substrates,
thereby
mycelial
productivity.
Economically,
it
cost-effective
alternative
due
abundant
availability
inexpensive
nature
SMS.
Nevertheless,
challenges
still
exist,
particularly
optimizing
production
methods
ensuring
consistency
influenced
by
variations
pyrolysis
conditions
types.
Advances
technology
are
vital
scaling
up
production.
paper
emphasizes
transformative
potential
advocating
integration
circular
economy
frameworks
systems.
Recommendations
future
research
policy
support
provided
maximize
ecological
economic
benefits
fostering
widespread
adoption
global
strategies.
Язык: Английский
Livestock–Crop–Mushroom (LCM) Circular System: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Enhancing Plant Performance and Mitigating Microbiological Risks
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025
Mushroom
production
using
agroforestry
biowaste
is
a
great
green
cycling
agriculture
alternative.
Therefore,
the
current
study
explored
Livestock-Crop-Mushroom
(LCM)
circular
model,
starting
with
co-composting
of
straw
and
cow
manure
as
a'St'
biofertilizer
further
used
for
mushroom
cultivation
that
ultimately
produced
a'StM'
biofertilizer.
The
two
biofertilizers
were
tested
their
impacts
on
plant
growth
potential
microbial
risks.
results
show
significant
oats
stimulated
by
biofertiliser
use.
Both'St'
and'StM'
increased
biomass,
while
latter,
crude
protein
content
(+5.1%)
root
biomass
also
higher.
Reduced
abundances
resistome
genes
(30%)
pathogens
(25%)
observed
during
oat
growth.
Further,
metagenomics
analysis
indicated
reduction
in
antibiotic-resistance
-20%
soils
treated
by'St'
-46%
in'StM'
treatment.
The'StM'
had
three-fold
stronger
inhibitory
effect
rhizosphere
soil
than'St'.
Moreover,
compared
to'St','StM'
suppressed
seeds
stems,
specific
beneficial
biomarker
microbes
different
parts.
Overall,
antibiotic
resistance
gene
related
to
oxytetracycline
decreased
more
than
LCM
system.
This
demonstrates
substantial
scalability
system
within
agricultural
domain.
Язык: Английский
Specific Fertilization Practices Reveal Important Insights into the Complex Interaction Between Microbes and Enzymes in Soils of Different Farming Systems
Life,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(12), С. 1562 - 1562
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2024
The
interaction
of
microorganisms
and
their
enzyme
activity
is
one
the
key
indicators
for
a
comprehensive
measurement
soil
health.
aim
this
study
was
to
determine
significant
correlations
between
different
activities
β-glucosidase,
N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,
urease,
arylamidase,
phosphatase,
acid
alkaline
arylsulfatase
after
supplementation
with
standard
fertilizer,
spent
mushroom
substrate
composed
fertilizer
in
soils
from
conventional–integrated,
organic
biodynamic
farming.
Samples
were
grouped
according
farming
system
fertilization
all
seasons.
farm
least
affected
by
fertilizations,
except
fertilization.
Standard
caused
negative
actinomycetes
farms.
same
actinomycetes/phosphatase
relationship
differently,
regardless
basic
structure.
Actinomycetes
correlated
positively
phosphatase
urease
conventional–integrated
farms
substrate,
respectively.
Arylamidase
relation
total
responded
independently
Fertilization
can
influence
microbe/enzyme
relationships
soils.
Regardless
structure,
some
these
could
be
important
further
studies.
Язык: Английский