Effects of detergent component sodium dodecyl sulfate on growth hormone secretion in GH3 cells: Implications for pediatric exposure and accidental ingestion

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 44

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Introduction Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a widely used surfactant in detergents, has raised concerns due to its potential health risks, particularly children. This study evaluates the impact of SDS exposure on GH secretion GH3 cells, focusing oxidative stress as key mechanism. Methods cells were treated with varying concentrations (0.001–10 mM) for 24 or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, while quantified via ELISA. Oxidative levels evaluated through ROS fluorescence assays, and gene expression Nrf2, IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3 analyzed qPCR. Additionally, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) determine protective effects against SDS-induced stress. Results led dose-dependent decrease cell viability, identified primary driver. Nrf2 exhibited biphasic response, showing transient upregulation at low doses but suppression higher concentrations, exacerbating damage. NAC treatment reduced partially restored secretion, confirming role toxicity. Discussion These findings suggest that may disrupt endocrine function, warranting further risk assessment safety consumer products. Given SDS’s prevalence household products, future research should focus long-term children therapeutic interventions mitigate

Язык: Английский

Deoxynivalenol exposure-related male reproductive toxicity in mammals: Molecular mechanisms, detoxification and future directions

Environment International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 199, С. 109478 - 109478

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

An increasing body of evidence indicates that exposure to widespread, environmental and food contaminants such as mycotoxins may cause endocrine disorders infertility. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi, can lead multiple harmful effects in humans animals, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, genetic toxicity carcinogenicity. Recently, there has been growing concern about DON-induced male Exposure DON its metabolites damage the structure function reproductive organs, resulting impairment gametogenesis thus impaired fertility. Potential molecular mechanisms involve oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, pyroptosis, ferroptosis. Moreover, several signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, factor erythroid 2-related 2, AMP-activated apoptotic microRNAs are involved these detrimental biological processes. Research shown antioxidants, small-molecule inhibitors, or proteins (such lactoferrin) supplementation potentially offer protective targeting pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes on mammals, underlying emphasizes potential small molecules therapeutics. In further, systematic risk assessment when at doses human health, in-depth precise mechanism investigation using emerging technologies, development more effective intervention strategies warrant urgent investigation.

Язык: Английский