Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9), С. 2211 - 2211

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis their deficiency is involved the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites specific bacterial taxa human microbiota, production influenced by foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, direct fostering these taxa. This Review provides an overview SCFAs’ roles functions, SCFA-producing bacteria, from microbiological characteristics taxonomy to biochemical process that lead release SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe potential therapeutic approaches boost levels treat different related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 184 - 184

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Язык: Английский

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Update of the concept of type 5 resistant starch (RS5): Self-assembled starch V-type complexes

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109, С. 711 - 724

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention

Cancers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(1), С. 20 - 20

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2020

The gut microbiome can play important role in maintaining homeostasis the human body. An imbalance lead to pro-inflammatory immune responses and initiation of disease processes, including cancer. research results prove some strains probiotics by modulating intestinal microbiota response be used for cancer prevention or/and as adjuvant treatment during anticancer chemotherapy. This review presents latest advances into effectiveness support described issues concern activity probiotic microorganisms their metabolites. In addition, we potential mechanisms chemoprevention advisability using probiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids in diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in gastrointestinal tract. The absorption SCFAs is mediated substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number studies have implicated microorganisms crucial executors diet-based microbial influence on host. important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a major carbon flux from diet, that decomposed gut microbiota. play vital role multiple molecular biological processes, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 IECs to inhibit elevation blood glucose, expression G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 GPR43, inhibiting histone deacetylases, participate regulation proliferation, differentiation, function IECs. affect motility, barrier function, host Furthermore, regulatory roles local, intermediate, peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, butyrate SCFAs, they involved immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, lipid Herein, we review diverse functional this class reflect their ability intestine, metabolic, other diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Organic acids production from lactic acid bacteria: A preservation approach

Food Bioscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 46, С. 101615 - 101615

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation

Animal nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8, С. 350 - 360

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2021

Gut inflammation is a challenging concern in humans and animals, which disturbs normal growth leads to severe bowel diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the gut microbiota metabolites produced from fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, have been reported modulate inflammation. SCFA implicated as potential therapeutic bioactive molecules for inflammatory diseases, could be an alternative antibiotic promoters (AGP). In this review, existing knowledge about types SCFA, related microbes producing roles maintaining homeostasis, how summarized. The application treatment disease (IBD) also highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Fecal and Plasma Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids With Gut Microbiota and Clinical Severity in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 98(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2022

Background and Objectives

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolites that promote the disease process in a rodent model of Parkinson (PD), but fecal levels SCFAs patients with PD reduced. Simultaneous assessments plasma SCFA levels, their interrelationships process, scarce. We aimed to compare different subtypes healthy controls delineate interrelations link microbiota changes clinical severity PD.

Methods

A cohort 96 85 were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital. Fecal concentrations measured using chromatography mass spectrometry. Gut was analyzed metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Body index medical comorbidities evaluated dietary information obtained food frequency questionnaire. To assess motor cognitive impairment, we used Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson9s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).

Results

Compared controls, had lower higher acetate, propionate, butyrate. After adjustment for age, sex, duration, anti-PD medication dosage, MDS-UPDRS part III scores correlated reduced acetate (ρ = −0.37, p 0.012), propionate −0.32, 0.036), butyrate −0.40, 0.004) increased 0.26, 0.042) MMSE negatively −0.09, 0.027) valerate −0.032, 0.033) after confounders. SCFAs-producing bacteria positively revealed no association In patient group, abundance proinflammatory microbes, such as Clostridiales bacterium NK3B98 Ruminococcus sp AM07-15, significantly decreased SCFAs, especially propionic acid.

Discussion

Reductions observed corelated specific

Classification Evidence

This study provides Class evidence metabolite distinguish between associated

Язык: Английский

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The promotion mechanism of prebiotics for probiotics: A review

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Prebiotics and probiotics play a positive role in promoting human nutrition health. are compounds that cannot be digested by the host, but can used fermented probiotics, so as to promote reproduction metabolism of intestinal for health body. It has been confirmed have clinical or care functions preventing controlling intestinal, respiratory, urogenital infections, allergic reaction, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome other aspects. However, there few systematic summaries these types, mechanisms action promotion relationship between prebiotics probiotic. Therefore, we summarized various types their individual mechanisms, mechanism tract. is hoped this review provide new ideas application future.

Язык: Английский

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Selenium in Human Health and Gut Microflora: Bioavailability of Selenocompounds and Relationship With Diseases

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2021

This review covers current knowledge of selenium in the dietary intake, its bioavailability, metabolism, functions, biomarkers, supplementation and toxicity, as well relationship with diseases gut microbiota specifically on symbiotic between microflora status. Selenium is essential for maintenance immune system, conversion thyroid hormones, protection against harmful action heavy metals xenobiotics reduction risk chronic diseases. able to balance microbial flora avoiding health damage associated dysbiosis. Experimental studies have shown that inorganic organic selenocompounds are metabolized selenomethionine incorporated by bacteria from microflora, therefore highlighting their role improving bioavailability selenocompounds. Dietary can affect colonization, which turn influences host's status expression selenoproteoma. deficiency may result a phenotype more susceptible cancer, dysfunctions, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disorders. Although host benefit each other relationship, they become competitors if supply micronutrients limited. Intestinal remove resulting two three times lower levels selenoproteins under selenium-limiting conditions. There still gaps whether these consequences unfavorable humans animals or daily intake also adapted meet needs bacteria.

Язык: Английский

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