Commentary: Plant-based diet and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

The recent article on plant-based diets and risk of all-cause mortality by Tan colleagues (1) provides the basis to examine effect underestimating real associations rates (regression dilution) due changes in values dietary variables with time after their determination at baseline. Changes were demonstrated 1999 using data from Framingham Study US (2). Figure 1 that shows paired mean for blood pressure cholesterol quintiles defined baseline remeasured every two years. range first fifth quintile systolic changed 51 mmHg 35 six years, 27 16 18 26 Thus, health outcomes longer follow-up periods will be based gradually depart values.Regression dilution has been various respect serum 25-hydroxyviamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. most review stroke major cardiovascular (CVD) events 25(OH)D concentrations one-to-ten one-to-eight respectively (3). This also references earlier reviews rate, cancer incidence, incidence Alzheimer's disease dementia. analyses generally show value regression fit shortest period is about twice size standard meta-analysis does not take into account.For analysis obtained Table (1). Values Figures 234in Ref. Data analyzed SigmaStat 4.0 (Grafiti, Palo Alto, CA, USA). RR diet four-year study a comparison 90 th percentile 10 PDI (4). hazard ratio converted those align 7.8-year study, which was extreme quintiles.Table gives equations relative (RR), statistical correlation results pvalues, calculated colleagues. In analyses, used four-to-ten 28 Since than ten years result significant reductions correlations between outcomes, different maximum reported period, four considered accurate rates. As can seen, difference 1.00 RRs up 25 0.8 2.3 times as large Tan's RR; less 1.5 2.8 RR. Also, fits cutoff longest greater 20 decreases hPDI. These findings are attributed omitting studies where "regression dilution" greater. However, p-value mostly nonsignificant when fewer being analysis.The CVD least robust. may fact often occurs number CVD, resulting approaches treatment.A Harvard diseases published (5). 205,852 healthcare professionals three cohorts followed 32 Participants completed food frequency questionnaires shown 2 article, fully-adjusted percentiles hPDI 0.84 (95% CI, 0.82-0.87) chronic diseases; 0.85 0.81-0.90) CVD; 0.78 0.75-0.81) type diabetes mellitus; 0.95 0.91-0.99) cancer. It well known vitamin much larger (6). Perhaps same thing applies well.

Язык: Английский

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How follow-up period in prospective cohort studies affects the relationship between baseline fish consumption and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Background Diet plays an important role in the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. Adherence to Mediterranean diet is regarded as one way reduce risk. Fish a component diet. Participant variables change with time, resulting “regression dilution”. Objective The objective investigate follow-up period after measurement dietary fish intake AD Methods A recent meta-analysis prospective cohort studies used examine this effect for incidence dementia AD. Results For seven mean periods from ten years, regression fit data relative (RR) = 0.19 + (0.087 × Follow up [years], r 0.84, adjusted 2 0.66, p 0.009). However, when age participants was added analysis, became non-significant. five 3.9 9.8 RR 0.11 (0.095 follow [years]), 0.93, 0.87, 0.02). shortest are 40% greater than standard suggests 70% Conclusions Prospective health outcomes should reassess every few years. Meta-analyses consider during up.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence that adequate provision of vitamin D reduces cardiovascular disease risks

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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