Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Insufficiency, and Inflammatory Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions DOI Creative Commons
John Dawi,

Yura Misakyan,

Stephen Affa

и другие.

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 18 - 18

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated with oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. This contributes to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, complications in organs like vasculature nervous system. Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, crucial for neutralizing ROS, but GSH levels are notably low T2DM, exacerbating stress inflammation. Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) further intensify inflammation disrupting signaling worsening such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy. While lifestyle modifications supplementation current approaches managing their effectiveness preventing remains under study. Recent investigations suggest that Vitamin D3 may offer dual-action benefits, not only has anti-inflammatory properties also promotes synthesis. dual action helps mitigate both inflammation, addressing key pathological features of T2DM. review highlights complex interactions insufficiency, IL-6, emphasizes potential targeted therapies improve management outcomes

Язык: Английский

Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Insufficiency, and Inflammatory Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions DOI Creative Commons
John Dawi,

Yura Misakyan,

Stephen Affa

и другие.

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 18 - 18

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated with oxidative stress, resulting from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. This contributes to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, complications in organs like vasculature nervous system. Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, crucial for neutralizing ROS, but GSH levels are notably low T2DM, exacerbating stress inflammation. Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) further intensify inflammation disrupting signaling worsening such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy. While lifestyle modifications supplementation current approaches managing their effectiveness preventing remains under study. Recent investigations suggest that Vitamin D3 may offer dual-action benefits, not only has anti-inflammatory properties also promotes synthesis. dual action helps mitigate both inflammation, addressing key pathological features of T2DM. review highlights complex interactions insufficiency, IL-6, emphasizes potential targeted therapies improve management outcomes

Язык: Английский

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