Pathology and Clinics of Naturally Occurring Low-Virulence Variants of African Swine Fever Emerged in Domestic Pigs in the South Caucasus

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 130 - 130

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Shortly after the establishment of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II in 2007, cases acute fatal infection were observed. However, several years circulation Eurasian region, clinical signs disease changed. Currently, this can occur acutely, subclinically, chronically, or asymptomatically. Cases complete recovery infected pigs, and disappearance ASFV from their tissues secretions have been described. This form first appeared Armenia at end 2011. was described identified as Dilijan2011IMB strain. The goal our research to study main features clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, genetic parameters involved development new forms (ASF). Chronic ASF characterized with low titers a decrease intensity hemadsorption. Additionally, reduced symptoms pathoanatomical results noted. absolute, but not relative number immune cells changes; neutropenia (in bone marrow spleen), lymphopenia marrow), lymphocytosis (only lymphoid cell depletion pancytopenia marrow) observed chronic less pronounced compared form. When comparing late stage form, key cytological indicators spleen, lymph nodes, blood severe stage. Bone failure expressed all types, generally coincided data ASF. same obtained assessing serum TNF-alpha levels. Thus, we conclude that occurs due response, well pigs.

Язык: Английский

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Immunization of pigs with replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus multi-antigens induced humoral immune responses but no protection following contact challenge

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development feasible as immunization pigs with some live attenuated ASFV candidates can confer protection, safety concerns and scalability are challenges must be addressed. Identification protective antigens needed inform development efficacious subunit vaccines.In this study, replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored multicistronic antigen expression constructs covered nearly 100% proteome were generated validated using convalescent serum. Swine immunized cocktail constructs, designated Ad5-ASFV, alone formulated either Montanide ISA-201™ (ASFV-ISA-201) BioMize® adjuvant (ASFV-BioMize).These primed strong B cell responses judged by anti-pp62-specific IgG responses. Notably, Ad5-ASFV ISA-201, not BioMize®, immunogens significantly (p < 0.0001) higher compared Ad5-Luciferase (Luc-ISA-201). The underwent significant recall in all vaccinees after boosting induced antibodies strongly recognized (Georgia 2007/1)-infected primary cells. However, following challenge contact spreaders, only one pig survived. survivor had typical clinical symptoms, viral loads lesions consistent chronic ASF.Besides limited sample size used, outcome suggests vivo expression, content, might limitation approach adenovirus does amplify effectively prime expand immunity directly mimic gene transcription mechanisms ASFV. Addressing delivery limitations may yield promising outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 913 - 913

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars. It typically presents as hemorrhagic but can also manifest in various forms, ranging from acute to asymptomatic. ASF has spread extensively globally, significantly impacting the industry. The complex highly variable character of ASFV genome makes vaccine development surveillance extremely difficult. overall trend evolution towards decreased virulence increased transmissibility. Factors such gene mutation, recombination, strain-specificity virulence-associated genes facilitate variations. This review deeply discusses influence these factors on immune evasion, pathogenicity, ensuing complexities encountered development, detection, surveillance. ultimate goal this thoroughly explore genetic patterns variation mechanisms ASFV, providing theoretical foundation for advancement diagnostic technologies.

Язык: Английский

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Deletion of B125R increases protection induced by a genotype II African swine fever vaccine candidate

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Abstract A modified live attenuated African swine fever genotype II virus, GΔDKE-CmutQ96R/K108D, with deletions of three genes, DP148R , EP153R, and K145R expressing a mutated CD2v protein non-haemadsorbing phenotype, was further by first removing two reporter gene cassettes fluorescent proteins. The B125R then deleted one cassette reinserted as marker. Groups pigs were immunised this virus using range doses from 100 to 10,000 infectious particles. One pig the lowest dose reached moderate severity humane endpoint. other showed mild or no clinical signs. Low levels used for immunisation detected post-immunisation. After challenge virulent all protected, few signs observed. replication in seven twenty-three challenged remaining pigs.

Язык: Английский

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Histopathologic evaluation system of African swine fever in wild boar infected with high (Arm07) and low virulence (Lv17/WB/Riel) isolates

Veterinary Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(6), С. 928 - 942

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

To understand the clinicopathological forms of African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar, it is crucial to possess a basic knowledge biological characteristics currently circulating ASF virus isolates. The aim this work establish an accurate and comprehensive histopathologic grading system standardize assessment lesions boar. study evaluated differences between animals infected with high virulence genotype II isolate (Arm07) (HVI) through intramuscular (IM) (n = 6) contact-infected 12) routes, alongside those orally low (Lv17/WB/Riel) (LVI) 6). included clinical (CS), macroscopic (MS), (HS) scores, as well viral loads blood tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Tissues examined skin, lymph nodes, bone marrow, palatine tonsil, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, thymus, heart, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder, brain, gastrointestinal reproductive tracts. HVI group exhibited 100% mortality rate elevated CS, MS, HS values. Animals contact (CS 12; MS 58.5; 112) intramuscularly 14.8; 47; 104) demonstrated similar values, indicating that route infection does not decisively influence severity pathological signs. LVI showed 0% rate, inconspicuous form, minimal 0; 29), lower load. Histopathologic evaluation has proven valuable advancing our comprehension pathogenesis boar paves groundwork for further research investigating protective mechanisms vaccinated animals.

Язык: Английский

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Pathology of African Swine Fever in Reproductive Organs of Mature Breeding Boars

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 729 - 729

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe, globally important disease in domestic and wild pigs. The testing of alternative transmission routes has proven that the ASF virus (ASFV) can be efficiently transmitted to sows via semen from infected boars through artificial insemination. Boars intramuscularly inoculated with ASFV strain “Estonia 2014” showed grossly microscopically visible changes testis, epididymis, prostate, vesicular gland. gross lesions included hemorrhages on scrotum, testicular membranes, parenchyma; edema; hydroceles; proliferations tunica vaginalis. Histopathologically, vasculitis perivasculitis was detected testis epididymis. Subacutely animals further revealed degeneration epididymal tubules, pointing destruction blood–testis blood–epididymis barriers upon progression. This confirmed by evidence round cells sperm abnormalities at later time points after infection. histopathology associated presence viral DNA infectious virus, limited amount antigens. In most scenarios, impact these reproductive performance long-term persistence probably negligible due culling animals. However, under backyard conditions boar populations, males will remain population fate should evaluated.

Язык: Английский

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High mortality in free-ranging wild boars associated with African swine fever virus in India

Archives of Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 169(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Comparative evaluation of disease dynamics in wild boar and domestic pigs experimentally inoculated intranasally with the European highly virulent African swine fever virus genotype II strain “Armenia 2007”

Veterinary Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 55(1)

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Since the reintroduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe 2007 and its subsequent spread to Asia, wild boar has played a crucial role maintaining disseminating virus. There are significant gaps knowledge regarding infection dynamics disease pathogenesis domestic pigs boar, particularly at early stage. We aimed compare infected intranasally mimic natural with one original highly virulent genotype II ASFV isolates (Armenia 2007). The study involved euthanising three on days 1, 2, 3, 5 post-infection, while four were monitored until they reached humane endpoint. parameters assessed included clinical signs, macroscopic lesions, viremia levels, tissue viral load, shedding nasal rectal swabs from day 1 post-infection. Compared pigs, more susceptible ASFV, shorter incubation period earlier onset signs. While endpoint than did, lesions comparatively less severe. In addition, had viremia, was also detected tissues. medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes identified as key portals for both subspecies. No genome or shortly before reaching suggesting limited acute infections.

Язык: Английский

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African swine fever: virus carriage and the role of surviving wild boar in the persistence and spread of infection (review)

Agricultural science Euro-North-East, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(6), С. 988 - 999

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2024

The panzootic of African swine fever (ASF) in Europe and Asia caused by viruses genotypes I II has led to a comprehensive scientific study the course this infection. Researchers have noted that certain proportion diseased animals survive. Detection seropositive (antibody-positive) ASF-affected countries was especially noticeable wild boar populations. role ASF survivors persistence spread infection population been long controversially debated, as they may potentially become persistently infected, acting virus carriers. aim review summarize current experimental results on chronic Eurasian boar, carriage from surviving animals. In Eurasia different forms disease are currently observed susceptible animals: peracute, acute, subacute, less frequently asymptomatic; latter found be circulating (ASFV) reduced virulence. Two types distinguished: 1) develop persistent with periodic viremia signs subacute course; 2) recover completely clear Long-term complete elimination survivors: last ten years, time excretion experimentally determined generally range 35 99 days. Survivors 1st type play ASFV due viremia. Seropositive survived 2nd their small numbers not considered some researchers significant epidemiological Experimental transmission boars studied date limited extent, such research should continued. knowledge gained these areas will improve understanding situation wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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Laporan Kasus: Studi Morfopatologi Demam Babi Afrika pada Babi di Bogor, Jawa Barat

jurnal veteriner, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(4), С. 564 - 572

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2023

Demam Babi Afrika atau African swine fever (ASF) adalah penyakit menular yang dapat terjadi pada ternak babi dan liar.Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh virus ASF.Gejala klinis sangat bervariasi dari kasus perakut, akut, subakut kronis tergantung virulensi virus.Kejadian ASF menyebabkan angka kematian tinggi babi, penurunan kondisi sosial, ekonomi termasuk kontaminasi lingkungan. Berdasar beberapa pertimbangan masalah tersebut, maka akan bermakna bila dilakukan studi morfopatologi klarifikasi terhadap kejadian (Sus scrofa domesticus). Kajian saat ini dilaksanakan dengan melakukan prosedur nekropsi dua ekor umur empat bulan, yaitu pemeriksaan tubuh organ-organ interna.Sampel organ diambil untuk histopatologi selanjutnya diwarnai hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Pemeriksaan lanjut metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer universal (p72 p54). Hasil makroskopik menunjukkan bahwa bagian kulit mengalami erythema, splenitis hemoragi, enteritis hemoragi disertai lymphadenopathy limfonodus mesenterika meningen pembuluh darah di otak. lesi limforetikuler seperti limpa mesenterika, radang limfositik hemoragi. otak selaput meningen. molekuler PCR memberikan konfirmasi ASF. Berdasarkan hasil komprehensif secara makroskopik, mikroskopik evaluasi disimpulkan kedua menderita infeksi tipe akut.

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