Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens and COVID-19: The Pandemic beyond the Pandemic

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(9), С. 1843 - 1843

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Antibacterial resistance is a renewed public health plague in modern times, and the COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled this problem. Changes antibiotic prescribing behavior, misinformation, financial hardship, environmental impact, governance gaps have generally enhanced misuse improper access to antibiotics during pandemic. These determinants, intersected with antibacterial current pandemic, may amplify potential for future The occurrence of infections multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), difficult-to-treat (DTR), carbapenem-resistant (CR), pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria still increasing. aim review highlight state art worldwide, focusing on most important pathogens, namely Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, their common antibiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Unseen Enemy: Mechanisms of Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Multidrug antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a formidable challenge in the therapy of infectious diseases, triggered by particularly concerning gram-negative Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens. Designated as "priority" 2017, these bacteria continue to pose significant threat 2024, during worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, where coinfections with ESKAPE members contributed worsened patient outcomes. The declining effectiveness current treatments against pathogens has led an increased disease burden increase mortality rates globally. This review explores sophisticated mechanisms driving AMR bacteria, focusing on Key bacterial contributing include limitations drug uptake, production antibiotic-degrading enzymes, alterations target sites, enhanced efflux systems. Comprehending pathways is vital for formulating innovative therapeutic strategies tackling ongoing posed resistant

Язык: Английский

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Gram-Negative ESKAPE Bacteria Surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes High-Risk Sequence Types of Acinetobacter baumannii MDR in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 50 - 50

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

The interruption of bacteriological surveillance due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought serious consequences, such as collapse health systems and possible increase in antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is necessary know rate resistance its associated mechanisms bacteria causing hospital infections during pandemic. aim this work was show phenotypic molecular characteristics ESKAPE a Mexican tertiary care second third years For purpose, 2021 2022, two hundred unduplicated strains group (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) were collected from various clinical sources categorized by according CLSI. An analysis variance (ANOVA) complemented Tukey test performed search for changes susceptibility profiles study period. Finally, involved carbapenem analyzed, efflux pumps high-risk sequence types A. baumannii multilocus (MLST). results showed no K. pneumoniae period analyzed. Decreases quinolone identified E. coli (p = 0.039) P. aeruginosa 0.03). Interestingly, increases penicillins 0.004), aminoglycosides < 0.001, p 0.027), carbapenems folate inhibitors 0.001). Several genes (blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA, blaKPC, blaOXA-40, blaOXA-48) with predominance blaOXA-40 adeABCRS pump baumannii. MLST revealed presence globally distributed (ST369 ST758) related outbreaks other parts world. presented demonstrate that has played an important role nosocomial antibiotic-resistant pathogens particular MDR potential reservoir genes. implications mainly are analyzed discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of tetra-substituted thiophene derivatives as potential Hits combating antibiotic resistant bacteria ESKAPE

Bioorganic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 155, С. 108101 - 108101

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Biofilm Analysis via Sonication in Intensive Care Unit Patients at a County Emergency Hospital in Romania

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 161 - 161

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2025

Background/Objectives: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a critical challenge in ICU settings, often driven by the biofilm-mediated bacterial colonization of endotracheal tubes (ETTs). This study investigates antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm dynamics patients, focusing on microbial trends tracheal aspirates tube biofilms at county emergency hospital Romania. Methods: We conducted longitudinal analysis patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h. Tracheal ETT were collected three key time points: T1 (baseline), T2 (48 h post-intubation with replacement), T3 (92–100 post-T2); these analyzed using sonication microbiological techniques to assess patterns. Results: In total 30 bacteria from ESKAPEE group (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus) dominated microbiota, increasing their prevalence over time. Resistance carbapenems, colistin, vancomycin was notably observed, particularly among K. pneumoniae A. baumannii. Biofilm revealed high persistence rates emergence multidrug-resistant strains, underscoring role ETTs as reservoirs resistant pathogens. The replacement correlated shift composition reduced biofilm-associated contamination. Conclusions: highlights temporal evolution limited number (30 patients). findings support implementing routine management strategies, including scheduled replacements advanced biofilm-disruption techniques, mitigate VAP risk improve patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenic and periodontal bacteria may contribute to the fatal outcome of critically ill elderly COVID-19 patients

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Some studies suggest that the respiratory microbiome of COVID-19 patients differs from healthy individuals, infected may have reduced diversity and increased levels opportunistic bacteria, however, role in fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. Our study aimed to determine whether there are differences between who recovered those died, by characterizing bacterial communities both groups. A total 24 died were included study, patient data analyzed for signs, symptoms clinical variables. Airway samples collected 16 S rRNA variable regions V3-V4 amplified sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine lactate dehydrogenase, higher frequencies cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus renal disease observed with a outcome. Compared COVID-19, exhibited enriched periodontal pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. results highlighted dual relationship SARS CoV-2 an exacerbated periodontopathogen-induced immune response.

Язык: Английский

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Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study at the University Hospital of Palermo, Italy

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 186 - 186

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, projected to cause over 40 million deaths by 2050. ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are major contributors nosocomial infections AMR. We evaluated the epidemiology AMR prevalence of at University Hospital in Palermo between January 2018 July 2023, analyzing factors associated with mortality patients positive blood cultures. Microbiological data from all specimen types were collected using Business Intelligence system Biwer, excluding duplicates. assessed trends isolates time. Clinical hospital discharge forms used evaluate ESKAPE-positive Differences non-blood examined. A total 11,607 specimens 4916 analyzed. Most admitted Internal Medicine (19.4%), ICU (13.2%), General Surgery (9.9%). Additionally, 21.5% ICU-admitted patients. Blood cultures accounted for 14.3% specimens, urine 25.3%, respiratory secretions 22.1%, skin mucosal swabs 20.9%. The increased progressively, peaking 2021. vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was 19.4%, a significant upward trend, while oxacillin-resistant S. aureus 35.0%, showing decline. A. baumannii exhibited high antibiotics tested except colistin cefiderocol. Carbapenemase 55.0% K. 20.4% P. 4.6% spp. aeruginosa showed decrease meropenem resistance. pneumoniae bloodstream linked higher risk.

Язык: Английский

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Improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria through drug repositioning

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Drug repurposing (repositioning) is a dynamically-developing area in the search for effective therapy of infectious diseases. Repositioning existing drugs with well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile an attractive method quickly discovering new therapeutic indications. The off-label use diseases requires much less capital time, can hasten progress development antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. drug repositioning searching options has brought promising results many viral diseases, such as Ebola, ZIKA, Dengue, HCV. This review describes most favorable repositioned treatment bacterial infections. It comprises publications from various databases PubMed Web Science published 2015 to 2023. following keywords/strings were used: and/or antibacterial activity Treatment infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria taken into account, methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae family. analyses safety profiles included their synergistic combinations antibiotics discusses potential antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic effects, those used metabolic may be response public health threats related spread strains growing antibiotic resistance microorganisms.

Язык: Английский

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Standard Microbiological Techniques (Staining, Morphological and Cultural Characteristics, Biochemical Properties, and Serotyping) in the Detection of ESKAPE Pathogens

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

ESKAPE pathogens are multidrug-resistant bacteria that pose a significant threat to public health. The early and accurate detection of these is critical for effective treatment infection control. Standard microbiological techniques, including staining, morphological cultural characterization, biochemical analysis, serotyping, widely used detect identify pathogens. Staining techniques such as Gram staining provide valuable information on the cell wall structure differentiate between gram-positive gram-negative bacteria. Morphological characteristics colony morphology growth requirements can clues regarding identity Biochemical properties ability ferment specific sugars produce certain enzymes further help Serotyping involves identification surface antigens bacterial cells highly sensitive method identifying strains. This technique particularly useful tracking spread infections develop targeted vaccines. Therefore, standard detecting These structure, requirements, metabolic important species. Applying in combination with advanced molecular methods, essential timely diagnosis pathogen infections.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of 3-((4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino)propanoic Acid Derivatives as Promising Scaffolds for the Development of Antimicrobial Candidates Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 193 - 193

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens represent a significant global health concern, contributing to increased morbidity mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial develop novel compounds targeting drug-resistant microbial strains. Herein, we report the synthesis of amino acid derivatives bearing an incorporated 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety with various substitutions. The resultant 3-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)propanoic 2–37 exhibited structure-dependent antimicrobial activity against both ESKAPE group bacteria Candida species. Furthermore, these demonstrated substantial auris, minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.5 64 µg/mL. Hydrazones 14–16, containing heterocyclic substituents, showed most potent broad-spectrum activity. This extended methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) MIC values 1 8 µg/mL, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (0.5–2 µg/mL), Gram-negative (MIC 8–64 species including auris. Collectively, findings underscore potential utility scaffold for further development as foundational platform agents emerging pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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