Authorea (Authorea),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024
The
etiology
of
Tuberculosis
(TB)
is
attributed
to
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(M.
tuberculosis),
posing
a
significant
threat
human
health.
Upon
infecting
the
host,
M.
establishes
close
interactions
with
host
cells
through
direct
contact
facilitated
by
its
cell
wall.
genome
encodes
minimum
99
lipoproteins,
which
serve
diverse
functions
including
participation
in
ABC
system
transport,
wall
metabolism,
adhesion,cell
invasion,signal
transduction,among
others.Despite
limited
functional
investigations
on
subset
majority
lipoproteins
necessitate
further
exploration.
This
article
provides
an
overview
advancements
understanding
tuberculosis.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Despite
major
global
efforts
to
eliminate
tuberculosis,
which
is
caused
by
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(Mtb),
this
disease
remains
as
a
plague
of
humanity.
Several
factors
associated
with
the
host
and
Mtb
interaction
favor
infection
establishment
and/or
determine
progression.
The
Early
Secreted
Antigenic
Target
6
kDa
(ESAT-6)
one
most
important
well-studied
mycobacterial
virulence
factors.
This
molecule
has
been
described
play
an
role
in
development
tuberculosis-associated
pathology
subverting
crucial
components
immune
responses.
review
highlights
main
effector
mechanisms
ESAT-6
modulates
system,
directly
impacting
cell
fate
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
39(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(
Mtb
)
complex,
responsible
for
(TB)
infection,
continues
to
be
a
predominant
global
cause
of
mortality
due
intricate
host‐pathogen
interactions
that
affect
disease
progression.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs),
essential
posttranscriptional
regulators,
have
become
pivotal
modulators
these
relationships.
Recent
findings
indicate
miRNAs
actively
regulate
immunological
responses
complex
by
modulating
autophagy,
apoptosis,
and
immune
cell
activities.
This
has
resulted
in
increased
interest
as
prospective
diagnostic
indicators
TB,
especially
differentiating
active
infection
from
latent
or
inactive
stages.
Variations
miRNA
expression
during
progression
offer
insights
into
the
response.
Furthermore,
present
potential
therapeutic
targets
host‐directed
therapy
(HDT)
techniques
TB
infection.
work
examines
function
pathogenesis,
with
objective
identifying
particular
response
evaluating
their
value
exploring
implications
The
is
enhance
comprehension
how
can
facilitate
improved
diagnosis
treatment
TB.
Drug Design Development and Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 18, С. 1969 - 1979
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract:
Tuberculosis
(TB)
stands
as
the
second
most
prevalent
cause
of
global
human
mortality
from
infectious
diseases.
In
2022,
World
Health
Organization
documented
an
estimated
number
TB
cases
reaching
7.5
million,
which
causes
death
for
1.13
million
patients.
The
continuous
growth
drug-resistant
due
to
various
mutations
in
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(MTB)
strain,
raises
urgency
exploration
novel
anti-TB
treatments.
Ursolic
acid
(UA)
is
a
natural
pentacyclic
triterpene
found
plants
that
has
shown
potential
agent.
This
review
aims
provide
overview
therapeutic
prospects
UA
against
MTB,
with
particular
emphasis
on
silico,
vitro,
and
vivo
studies.
Various
mechanisms
action
MTB
are
briefly
recapped
silico
studies,
such
enoyl
acyl
carrier
protein
reductase
inhibitors,
FadA5
(Acetyl-CoA
acetyltransferase)
tuberculosinyl
adenosine
transferase
small
heat
shock
16.3
inhibitor.
overcome
drug
resistance
its
synergistic
effects
existing
antituberculosis
drugs
explained
vitro
studies
using
variety
methods,
Microplate
Alamar
Blue
Assay,
Mycobacteria
Growth
Indicator
Tube
960
Resazurin
Assays,
morphological
change
evaluation
transmission
electron
microscopy,
BALB/C
infected
multi
resistant
clinical
isolates.
Besides
promising
mechanism
drug,
complex
chemical
composition,
limited
availability
supply,
lack
intellectual
property
also
reviewed
those
frequently
occurring
challenges
need
be
addressed
successful
development
Keywords:
ursolic
acid,
tuberculosis,
triterpenoid
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(Mtb)
is
the
causative
agent
of
(TB)
in
humans
and
animals.
Mtb
invades
host's
lungs
via
airborne
transmission,
infecting
macrophages
causing
TB.
In
some
cases,
infection
can
spread
to
other
tissues
organs.
Despite
availability
several
drugs
for
TB
treatment,
emergence
multidrug-resistant
has
led
high
morbidity
mortality
rates
worldwide.
Therefore,
it
urgent
discover
new
anti-tuberculosis
more
effective
treatment.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
virulence
factors
play
a
crucial
role
its
pathogenicity.
By
evading
immune
surveillance
through
mechanisms
such
as
anti-oxidative
stress,
nutrient
synthesis
metabolism,
apoptosis
host
cells,
achieve
long-term
survival
host.
Understanding
pathogenicity
will
aid
development
vaccines
drugs.
this
review,
we
summarize
latest
research
progress
on
provide
reference
targeted
Abstract
Therapeutic
trends
involve
designing
ligands
to
target
proteins
in
various
diseases,
but
no
parallel
filters
have
been
established
prioritize
pathological
within
pathogens
for
optimal
inhibition.
This
study
unveils
that
order
a
protein
serve
as
an
therapeutic
intervention,
it
must
exhibit
five
key
attributes.
It
should
druggable
site
with
recognized
cleft
which
ligand
can
be
fitted
high
specificity.
possess
unique
structure,
distinct
sequences
having
low
similarity
other
non‐targeted
proteins.
dispensable
the
pathogenesis
of
disease,
and
case
microbial
infection,
crucial
survival
infectious
organisms.
available
crystallized
3D
structure
enable
high‐throughput
screening
candidate
ligands.
occupy
accessible
localization
provide
easy
route
reach
its
less
effort.
The
justifies
rules
essential
considering
ideal
any
protein‐mediated
dysfunction.
When
these
targeting
are
found
protein,
eradicating
intended
ailment
primarily
enhanced
time,
money,
Journal of drug targeting,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 18
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Tuberculosis
(TB)
is
caused
by
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis,
which
poses
a
significant
threat
to
human
health
.
Lipoproteins
are
predominantly
found
in
the
tuberculosis
cell
wall
during
infection
of
invading
host.
The
interacts
closely
with
host
direct
contact
.The
genome
encodes
at
least
99
lipoproteins
diverse
functions,
including
ABC
transport,
metabolism,
adhesion,
invasion,
and
signal
transduction,
among
others
.Different
play
important
roles
bacterial
survival,
cells,
vaccine
development
gene
regulation
for
drug
targeting
Although
only
subset
these
has
been
functionally
investigated,
most
them
require
further
study
This
review
summarizes
progress
research
related
synthesis
their
involvement
functions
material
immune
response,
virulence
mechanism,
development,
signaling,
enzyme
ACS Infectious Diseases,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025
One
of
the
primary
healthcare
problems
in
world
today
is
tuberculosis
(TB),
a
chronic
infectious
illness
brought
on
by
Mycobacterium
(M.
tuberculosis).
A
distinct
family
PE_PGRS
proteins,
encoded
M.
genome,
has
attracted
more
attention
because
their
involvement
immune
evasion
and
bacterial
pathogenicity.
Nevertheless,
specific
functions
mechanisms
action
for
majority
proteins
remain
largely
unexplored.
This
study
focuses
Rv2741
(PE_PGRS47)
gene,
which
exclusively
present
pathogenic
mycobacteria.
To
examine
function
host–pathogen
interactions,
we
created
recombinant
strains
smegmatis
smegmatis)
that
expressed
gene.
IL-1α
was
found
to
be
key
mediator
host
response
modulation
Rv2741.
downregulates
secretion
inhibits
MAPK
signaling
pathway,
particularly
p38
ERK1/2
pathways,
thereby
cooperatively
inhibiting
macrophage
autophagy
apoptosis.
Meanwhile,
decrease
directly
leads
changes
cytokine
pattern
reduction
nitric
oxide
(NO)
production.
multifaceted
regulatory
mechanism
ultimately
favors
survival
macrophages.
research
significantly
expands
our
understanding
function,
revealing
its
crucial
role
as
multifunctional
virulence
factor
tuberculosis.
