Protein and Peptide Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(1), С. 2 - 17

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments currently available have ineffective results. Previously employed Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, target a single structure that plays complex role in the multifactorial progression of disease. Memantine moderates toxic effects excessive glutamate activity by blocking receptors, which decreases neurotoxicity AD, while acetylcholine function cholinergic receptors (muscarinic nicotinic), preventing breakdown acetylcholine, thereby enhancing transmission, thus improving cognitive functions mild to moderate stages AD. Every drug class targets distinct facet intricate pathophysiology indicating diverse strategy required counteract advancement this neurodegenerative disorder. Thus, patients are not getting much benefit from current drugs. A closer look at course AD revealed several potential structures for future discovery. development strategies focus on developing new addition well-established ones combination treatment regimens, ideally with can two different structures. Because their roles pathways like pathologic tau protein phosphorylations as well amyloid β toxicity, kinases been identified targets. This review will give quick rundown first kinases, such glycogen synthase kinase (gsk3) β, along cyclin-dependent 5. We also into novel recently disease, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated 1A (DYRK1A). Additionally, multitargeting inhibitors, multiple those thought be involved other processes related discussed. kind offers prospective hope improved patient outcomes down road since it is most effective way impede development.

Язык: Английский