Chemical profiles of tea tree essential oil samples available on the Bulgarian market
Pharmacia,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
72, С. 1 - 7
Опубликована: Март 24, 2025
Melaleuca
alternifolia
Cheel
(Myrtaceae),
indigenous
to
Australia,
is
considered
one
of
the
tea
tree
essential
oil
(EO)
sources,
which
have
seen
increased
global
utilisation.
The
EO
available
in
both
its
pure
form
and
as
an
active
ingredient
various
commercial
products.
It
recognised
for
safety,
natural
composition,
efficacy.
This
study
aims
evaluate
whether
EOs
Bulgarian
markets
meet
established
standards.
Commercial
products
were
randomly
chosen
from
market
analysed
using
gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry.
analysis
revealed
that
all
samples
predominantly
composed
monoterpenes
sesquiterpenes,
with
terpinen-4-ol
major
constituent.
Other
significant
compounds
included
γ
-terpinene,
eucalyptol,
α
-terpineol,
terpinolene.
All
examined
contained
requisite
chemical
compounds,
indicating
compliance
necessary
standards,
except
sample,
did
not
required
percentage
criteria.
Язык: Английский
Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels of Poly(Methacrylic Acid)/Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Drug Delivery Systems for Promethazine Hydrochloride
Gels,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 240 - 240
Опубликована: Март 25, 2025
Hydrogels
with
tunable
properties
are
of
great
interest
for
the
development
advanced
drug
delivery
systems.
In
this
study,
novel
hydrogels
an
interpenetrating
polymer
network
(IPN)
structure
were
obtained
from
pH-responsive
poly(methacrylic
acid)
(PMAA)
and
neutral
poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)
(PDMAM).
The
newly
synthesized
IPN
shown
to
be
pH
responsive
a
1.5
2.5
fold
increase
in
their
equilibrium
swelling
ratio
at
above
5
which
makes
them
appropriate
targeted
intestine
delivery.
Moreover,
responsiveness
was
found
strongly
influenced
by
IPN’s
composition.
loaded
PMH
via
entrapment
efficiency
depend
on
characteristic
varying
composition
20%
60%.
release
profiles
investigated
under
conditions
resembling
oral
route
application.
appeared
follow
Fickian
diffusion
stomach-like
=
1.2
sub-diffusion
mechanism
intestine-like
6.8.
results
study
reveal
that
PMAA
PDMAM
promising
candidates
promethazine
hydrochloridee
demonstrating
controllable
dependent
Further
investigations
planned
fully
potential
as
smart
Язык: Английский