Plant mitochondria – past, present and future

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 108(4), С. 912 - 959

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021

SUMMARY The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations from animal and tissues. 35 years were spent establishing basic properties respiration using biochemical physiological approaches. A number unique (compared to mammalian mitochondria) observed: (i) ability oxidize malate, glycine cytosolic NAD(P)H at high rates; (ii) partial insensitivity rotenone, which turned out be due presence a second NADH dehydrogenase on inner surface mitochondrial membrane addition classical Complex I dehydrogenase; (iii) cyanide, an alternative oxidase, is also located membrane, IV, cytochrome oxidase. With appearance molecular biology methods 1985, followed by genomics, further discovered: (iv) DNA (mtDNA) 10–600 times larger than mtDNA, yet it only contains approximately 50% more genes; (v) mtDNA has kept standard genetic code, low divergence rate respect point mutations, but recombinatorial activity; (vi) mRNA maturation includes uniquely complex set activities for processing, splicing editing (at hundreds sites); (vii) recombination creates novel reading frames that can produce male sterility; (viii) have large proteome 2000–3000 different proteins containing many such as 200–300 pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. We describe present fairly detailed picture structure function how make their metabolism flexible allowing them involved diverse processes cell, photosynthesis, photorespiration, CAM C4 metabolism, heat production, temperature control, stress resistance mechanisms, programmed cell death genomic evolution. However, still challenge understand regulation expression works cellular level retrograde signaling coordinates all those processes.

Язык: Английский

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Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(9), С. 641 - 641

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2021

Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). also involved detoxification methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine structure stress regulation pathways glutathione synthesis degradation. We provide current knowledge glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible MG detoxification. present recent developments organization which alternative splicing generate number isoforms targeted various subcellular compartments. Stress enzymes occurs multiple levels. A growing studies show that oxidative promotes covalent modification proteins glutathione. This post-translational called S-glutathionylation. It affects function target relevant adaptation. address regulatory analysis

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(11), С. 2226 - 2226

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as mechanisms. These mechanisms involve signaling network linking structural biochemical defense. Antimicrobial pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face pathogen, these PRs increase abundance, acting the first line Thus, play key role early events, reduce damage mortality caused by pathogens. In context, review will discuss response proteins, been identified PRs, with enzymatic action, enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase ribonucleases. From technological perspective, we advances last decade applied to study important events higher

Язык: Английский

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Microbes-mediated sulphur cycling in soil: Impact on soil fertility, crop production and environmental sustainability

Microbiological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 271, С. 127340 - 127340

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(4), С. 1524 - 1536

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

ABSTRACT In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies overcome them or compensate for the consequences stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels mechanisms involved thought efficiency across levels. To minimise metabolic constraints reduce costs defence, prioritise first‐line defence apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins small peptides, as well secondary metabolites, before cellular processes affected. addition, large number symplastic also provide efficient including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, other peptides proteins. At both level compensation, specialised transporters be exchange membranes still not been identified, information on regeneration compounds remains ambiguous. exposure operate only cellular, organ whole‐plant levels, stomatal regulation, hypersensitive systemic responses prevent spread impacts within plant. ecosystem by root exudation signalling molecules emission volatile organic compounds, either directly indirectly into rhizosphere and/or aboveground atmosphere. The which control production mediate perception stressful conditions fully understood. Here we summarise plant from level, discuss advantages disadvantages growth development, elucidate current state research transport capacity outline insufficiently explored questions further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Glutathione: a key modulator of plant defence and metabolism through multiple mechanisms

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75(15), С. 4549 - 4572

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Redox reactions are fundamental to energy conversion in living cells, and also determine tune responses the environment. Within this context, tripeptide glutathione plays numerous roles. As an important antioxidant, confers redox stability on cell acts as interface between signalling pathways metabolic that fuel growth development. It contributes assembly of components, biosynthesis sulfur-containing metabolites, inactivation potentially deleterious compounds, control hormonal intensity. The multiplicity these roles probably explains why status has been implicated influencing plant many different conditions. In particular, there is now a considerable body evidence showing crucial player governing outcome biotic stresses. This review provides overview synthesis, transport, degradation, turnover plants. examines expression genes associated with processes during pathogen challenge related conditions, considers diversity mechanisms by which can influence protein function gene expression.

Язык: Английский

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Sulfur compounds: From plants to humans and their role in chronic disease prevention

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(27), С. 8616 - 8638

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022

Sulfur is essential for the health of plants and an indispensable dietary component human disease prevention. Its incorporation into our food supply heavily reliant upon uptake sulfur plant tissue subsequent intake. Dietary requirements are largely calculated based sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), cysteine methionine, to meet demands synthesis proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, vitamins, hormones. SAA found in abundance animal sources relatively low plants. However, some plants, particularly cruciferous allium vegetables, produce many protective secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates sulfoxides. The variety quantity these metabolites extensive their effects on wide-reaching. Many benefits appear be related sulfur's role redox biochemistry, protecting against uncontrolled oxidative stress inflammation; features consistent within cardiometabolic dysfunction chronic metabolic diseases aging. This narrative explores origins importance sulfur, its sources. It also overarching potential health, around amelioration inflammation,

Язык: Английский

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Degradation of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(11), С. 3313 - 3327

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, storage transport of sulfur, detoxification harmful substances, metabolism several compounds. Therefore knowledge GSH essential plant science. Nevertheless, degradation has been insufficiently elucidated, this hampered our understanding life. Over the last five decades, γ-glutamyl cycle dominant studies, exoenzyme transpeptidase regarded major enzyme. However, recent studies have shown degraded cells by cytosolic enzymes cyclotransferase or peptidase. Meanwhile, portion after conjugation with other molecules, which also found to be carried out vacuolar transpeptidase, peptidase, phytochelatin synthase. These findings highlight need re-assess previous assumptions concerning cycle, novel overview pathway essential. This review aims build foundation future summarizing current GSH/glutathione conjugate degradation.

Язык: Английский

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Seed Priming with the Selenium Nanoparticles Maintains the Redox Status in the Water Stressed Tomato Plants by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(7), С. 1556 - 1556

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

In the present research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were tested for their use as seed priming agents under field trials on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) efficacy in conferring drought tolerance. Four different regimes of SeNPs created, comprising 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, along with a control treatment 0 ppm. Seeds planted split plots two irrigation water stress. The results suggest that can improve tomato crop performance Plants grown 75 ppm SeNPs-primed seeds had lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 39.3% 28.9%, respectively. Seed further increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) functions 34.9 25.4%, same total carotenoids content 13.5%, α-tocopherols 22.8%, flavonoids 25.2%, anthocyanins 19.6%, ascorbic acid 26.4%, reduced glutathione (GSH) 14.8%, oxidized (GSSG) 13.12%. Furthermore, upregulated enzymes ascorbate cycle. is smart application to sustain production arid lands.

Язык: Английский

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An intramolecular macrocyclase in plant ribosomal peptide biosynthesis

Nature Chemical Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(4), С. 530 - 540

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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