Development and Characterization of Environmentally Responsive Thickening Agents for Fracturing Fluids in Shale Gas Reservoir Stimulation

Processes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 1253 - 1253

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

In response to the special requirements for shale gas reservoir stimulation, a novel environmentally responsive fracturing fluid thickener was designed and developed in this paper. N,N-dimethylhexadecylallylammonium chloride (C16DMAAC), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), Acrylamide (AM) were used as functional monomers, synthesis of target product achieved successfully through free radical polymerization an aqueous solution. The findings indicated that optimized situation, where total monomer mass fraction 25%, ratio AM:AMPS:C16DMAAC:NVP 15:10:3:2, initiator 0.3%, pH 6.5, temperature 60 °C, number-average molecular weight 1.13 × 106. Furthermore, its remarkable thermal stability manifested, it only experienced 15% loss interval spanning from 40 °C 260 °C. Performance evaluation results that, at 120 viscosity under study increased by over 49% compared control group. Simultaneously, 0.4 wt% CaCl2 environment, retained high 54.75 mPa·s. This value 46.61 mPa·s greater than conditions 170 remained above 68 Regarding flow performance, within rate range 110 150 L/min, showed drag reduction effect, achieving maximum 70%. At exhibited superior proppant-carrying efficacy, with settlement 26.1% lower residue content gel-broken exceeded industry standards. particular, 21% research provide excellent performance stimulation.

Язык: Английский

Preparation and Properties of a Novel Quaternary Thickener for Low Damage Fracturing

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 26, 2025

ABSTRACT In this study, a novel quaternary thickener (S−D−HPAM) for low−damage fracturing was successfully synthesized by using acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as the copolymer backbone synchronously introducing octadecyldimethylallyl ammonium chloride (DMCAAC−18) methacryloyloxyethylsulfobetaine (SBMA) bifunctionalized monomer. The structure of S−D−HPAM has been confirmed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, matrix−assisted laser desorption−ionization−time−of−flight mass spectrometry. Compared with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) directly polymerized AA AM, exhibited superior performance in terms thickening ability, salt tolerance, temperature resistance, shear sand−suspending capability, degradation. Specifically, introduction long−chain alkyl groups DMCAAC−18 could generate dynamic reversible hydrophobic interactions between polymer main chains, resulting an apparent viscosity 471.5 mPa·s solution at 3500 mg/L, which about 1.7 times higher than that HPAM (282.5 mPa∙s) same concentration. addition, hydrolysis ester bonds SBMA led to shedding sulfonic group (−SO 3 − ) from S−D−HPAM, enhanced degradation rate (83.10%) 21.81% compared (61.29%). Moreover, can synergistically form strong hydration layer reduce adsorption retention on core surface, results permeability recovery 91% low damage (8.60%) were better those (88% 11.64%). Thus, strategy dual monomers enables simultaneously improve ability reservoir. Meaningfully, technical bottleneck traditional thickeners, inevitably increase expense damaging reservoir, be effectively broken through. successful synthesis into opens new prospect development more agents.

Язык: Английский