Antibacterial Crosslinker for Ternary PCL-Reinforced Hydrogels Based on Chitosan, Polyvinyl Alcohol, and Gelatin for Tissue Engineering DOI Open Access

Karina Del Ángel-Sánchez,

Ana Victoria Treviño-Pacheco,

Imperio Anel Perales-Martínez

и другие.

Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(11), С. 1520 - 1520

Опубликована: Май 29, 2025

Current hydrogels used for cartilage tissue engineering often lack the mechanical strength and structural integrity required to mimic native human cartilage. This study addresses this limitation by developing reinforced based on a ternary polymer blend of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GL), chitosan (CH), with gentamicin sulfate (GS) as an antimicrobial agent crosslinker. The were produced using two crosslinking methods, freeze/thaw heated cycles, forcespun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber improve performance. Chemical characterization revealed that GS forms weak hydrogen bonds polymers, leading esterification PVA, covalent are formed result free amino group (-NH2) reacts carboxylic acid (-COOH) gelatin. SEM images help us see how fibers via force spinning technology, while properties evaluated uniaxial tensile compressive tests. Water retention measurements performed examine process's influence hydrogel's water retention, hydrogel surface roughness was obtained confocal microscopy images. A constitutive model non-Gaussian strain energy density introduced predict experimental behavior data hydrogel, considering non-monotonous softening function. Loading unloading tests demonstrated enhanced without compromising or biocompatibility because reaction between CH PCL-reinforced PVA/GL/CH shows strong potential repair applications.

Язык: Английский

Antibacterial Crosslinker for Ternary PCL-Reinforced Hydrogels Based on Chitosan, Polyvinyl Alcohol, and Gelatin for Tissue Engineering DOI Open Access

Karina Del Ángel-Sánchez,

Ana Victoria Treviño-Pacheco,

Imperio Anel Perales-Martínez

и другие.

Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(11), С. 1520 - 1520

Опубликована: Май 29, 2025

Current hydrogels used for cartilage tissue engineering often lack the mechanical strength and structural integrity required to mimic native human cartilage. This study addresses this limitation by developing reinforced based on a ternary polymer blend of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GL), chitosan (CH), with gentamicin sulfate (GS) as an antimicrobial agent crosslinker. The were produced using two crosslinking methods, freeze/thaw heated cycles, forcespun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber improve performance. Chemical characterization revealed that GS forms weak hydrogen bonds polymers, leading esterification PVA, covalent are formed result free amino group (-NH2) reacts carboxylic acid (-COOH) gelatin. SEM images help us see how fibers via force spinning technology, while properties evaluated uniaxial tensile compressive tests. Water retention measurements performed examine process's influence hydrogel's water retention, hydrogel surface roughness was obtained confocal microscopy images. A constitutive model non-Gaussian strain energy density introduced predict experimental behavior data hydrogel, considering non-monotonous softening function. Loading unloading tests demonstrated enhanced without compromising or biocompatibility because reaction between CH PCL-reinforced PVA/GL/CH shows strong potential repair applications.

Язык: Английский

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