μ-FTIR Reflectance Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Analysis: A Rapid and Robust Method for Identifying the Extent of Photodegradation on Microplastics
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
Understanding
the
origins
of
microplastics
(MPs)
and
evaluating
consequences
plastic
pollution
require
precise
chemical
information.
Moreover,
MPs
undergo
changes
due
to
photoaging,
which
are
worth
investigating
since
they
can
influence
effects
on
living
beings
environment.
Micro-Fourier-transform
infrared
(μ-FTIR)
spectroscopy
is
a
key
technique
for
screening
MPs,
combining
optical
imaging
with
information
from
IR
spectra.
While
reflectance
μ-FTIR
spectroscopy's
sensitivity
particle
thickness
photodegradation
complicates
automated
spectral
matching,
it
provide
valuable
if
coupled
multivariate
analysis
data.
This
study
developed
robust
method
identifying
even
when
modified
by
photodegradation.
Various
acquisition
methods
(ATR-IR
μ-transflectance-IR),
data
pretreatments,
set
procedures
were
examined,
critical
aspects
addressed.
The
proposed
method,
using
μ-TR-IR
principal
component
(PCA),
proved
effective
classifying
analyzing
their
degradation,
offering
increased
faster
workflow
compared
manual
comparison.
showed
earlier
in
relevant
bands,
indicating
higher
degradation
than
ATR-IR
spectroscopy.
Despite
notorious
issue
artifacts,
our
results
suggest
that
be
collected
without
sophisticated
preprocessing
techniques.
On
contrary,
presence
artifacts
allows
extracting
some
particles'
thickness.
Finally,
PCA
successfully
validated
polymer
classification
reliability
test
carboxyl
index
(CI)
validate
ability
assess
degradation.
CI
most
diffused
parameter
PCA,
considers
entire
spectrum
does
not
rely
integration
single
peaks,
inherently
more
take
into
account
multiple
mechanisms.
Язык: Английский
From molecules to organisms: a multi-level approach shows negative effects of trace elements from sewage sludge used as soil improver on honeybees
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
478, С. 135497 - 135497
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024
The
use
of
sewage
sludge
as
a
soil
improver
has
been
promoted
in
agroecosystems.
However,
sludges
can
contain
toxic
trace
elements
because
suboptimal
wastewater
treatment.
Nonetheless,
field
studies
investigating
the
negative
effects
these
practices
on
pollinators
are
lacking.
We
collected
honeybees
from
an
area
where
is
widespread,
and
one
it
precluded.
Trace
soils
bees
were
quantified.
Cadmium,
chromium,
lead,
mercury,
nickel
investigated
they
least
correlated
to
each
other
known
be
toxic.
Their
levels
related
oxidative
stress
energy
biomarkers,
midgut
epithelial
health,
body
size
wing
asymmetry
honeybees.
found
increased
carbohydrate
content
sites
with
higher
cadmium
levels,
histological
damage
epithelium
area,
presence
dark
spherites
highest
lead
levels.
Finally,
we
that
smaller,
fluctuating
increasing
mercury.
To
best
our
knowledge,
this
first
comprehensive
study
concentration
potentially
deriving
amendment
practices.
Язык: Английский
Microplastics originated from Plasmix-based materials caused biochemical and behavioral adverse effects on Daphnia magna
Environmental Pollution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
363, С. 125146 - 125146
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024
The
implementation
of
advanced
recycling
techniques
represents
a
key
strategy
for
mitigating
the
mismanagement
and
environmental
impact
plastic
waste.
A
limited
array
polymers
can
be
efficiently
recycled,
while
notable
portion
waste
remains
unrecyclable.
In
Italy,
this
residual,
heterogeneous
fraction
is
referred
to
as
Plasmix.
Because
its
complexity
non-homogeneous
composition,
Plasmix
primarily
directed
towards
low-value
applications.
However,
recent
developments
in
laboratory-scale
mechanical
have
enabled
creation
new
materials
from
Prior
their
application,
these
must
undergo
rigorous
eco-safety
evaluation.
present
study
aims
assess
potential
toxicity
microplastics
(MPs)
Plasmix-based
on
freshwater
crustacean
Daphnia
magna.
Specifically,
investigated
sub-individual
individual
effects
induced
by
21-day
exposure
different
concentrations
MPs
generated
grinding
naïve
Additivated
(hereafter
Px-MPs
APx-MPs,
respectively).
Sub-individual
endpoints
focused
changes
oxidative
status,
including
modulation
antioxidant
detoxifying
enzyme
activities,
well
damage,
such
lipid
peroxidation.
Individual
level
included
alterations
survival
reproduction.
Microscopy
analyses
confirmed
ingestion
both
APx-MPs
D.
magna
individuals.
An
stress
condition
raised
organisms
exposed
Px-MPs,
whereas
no
effect
was
observed
individuals
APx-MPs.
Although
not
affected,
significant
impairment
reproductive
output
detected
at
end
all
MP
types.
These
findings
suggest
that
even
low
could
negatively
affect
health
status
magna,
underscoring
need
further
research
complete
risk
assessment
prior
use
consumer
products.
Язык: Английский