Endpoints Lacking Animal-Free Alternatives Under REACH and the Remaining Challenges DOI
Barae Jomaa

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The European Union’s REACH regulation mandates comprehensive chemical testing to ensure human and environmental safety, prioritizing non-animal methods whenever possible. Despite significant advancements in alternative strategies, certain endpoints still require animal studies due the lack of validated vitro, ex vivo or silico models. This paper examines these gaps by tonnage band, highlighting key areas where alternatives remain insufficient. Acute oral, dermal, inhalation toxicity tests, repeated-dose as well reproductive developmental are among that reliant on testing. While progress has been made developing such Defined Approaches (DAs) may integrate physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling, not yet fully for regulatory acceptance. Continued investment research, validation international collaboration is essential accelerate implementation animal-free alternatives.

Язык: Английский

Prediction of Respiratory Irritation and Respiratory Sensitization of Chemicals Using Structural Alerts and Machine Learning Modeling DOI Creative Commons
Yaroslav Chushak,

Andrew Keebaugh,

Rebecca A. Clewell

и другие.

Toxics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 243 - 243

Опубликована: Март 25, 2025

Inhalation of toxic substances and contaminants can have adverse effects on the respiratory tract, leading to a range health problems, such as irritation inflammation, allergic reaction asthma, lung damage, or even death. It is not possible experimentally evaluate toxicity for all thousands chemicals in use. Here, we generated structural alerts developed machine learning (ML) classification models predict sensitization hazards using experimental data from publicly available databases literature. We identified 13 irritants 18 sensitizers. also set each hazard different types molecular descriptors ML techniques. Five best performing were combined into consensus model irritation, four individual used develop sensitization. The prediction accuracy was 84% training 88% test set, 86% both sets. A combination screen occupational- military-relevant chemicals. Out 687 screened occupational chemicals, 62 compounds 121 sensitizers, while 47 predicted 36 sensitizers list 525

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Endpoints Lacking Animal-Free Alternatives Under REACH and the Remaining Challenges DOI
Barae Jomaa

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The European Union’s REACH regulation mandates comprehensive chemical testing to ensure human and environmental safety, prioritizing non-animal methods whenever possible. Despite significant advancements in alternative strategies, certain endpoints still require animal studies due the lack of validated vitro, ex vivo or silico models. This paper examines these gaps by tonnage band, highlighting key areas where alternatives remain insufficient. Acute oral, dermal, inhalation toxicity tests, repeated-dose as well reproductive developmental are among that reliant on testing. While progress has been made developing such Defined Approaches (DAs) may integrate physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling, not yet fully for regulatory acceptance. Continued investment research, validation international collaboration is essential accelerate implementation animal-free alternatives.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0