COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in India Explored through a Population-Based Longitudinal Survey

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(10), С. 1064 - 1064

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021

The World Health Organization has recommended that individual governments identify vaccine hesitancy areas. It is proposed the governments, with aid of local organizations, educate and implement social insights on vaccination so high population levels are covered this safe immune program.A longitudinal online survey 3000 adults from India. We examined demography, behavioral (socio-economic) attitude, hesitancy, resistance for COVID-19 vaccine. specific reasons decline were also evaluated.Our revealed 59% definite response, 29% low-level 7% high-level response while 6% had resistant views Individuals who higher income levels, lived in a society, maintained distancing, downloaded update app, showed positive attitude towards their government, more confidence healthcare system inclined vaccination. On contrary, individuals overstated risks religious populistic hesitant/resistant to respondents declined administration further evaluated reason response. most common declining post-vaccine scare adverse health effects accepting information spread by media.The results our study show identifying "hot spots" have negative or unclear vaccination, these can be addressed involving friendly organizations clear strong disbeliefs increase percentage vaccine-definite people within population. role government-induced policy measures always beneficial cause shift disbelief

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor in Inflammation and Cancer: Novel Molecular Insights and Clinical Applications

Cancers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(5), С. 1116 - 1116

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a transmembrane protein whose expression has been related to variety of cellular processes, while its dysregulation linked inflammation and cancer. P2X7R expressed in cancer immune system cell surfaces. ATP plays key role numerous metabolic processes due abundance the tumour microenvironment. an important by interacting with ATP. unusual property that stimulation low doses causes opening permeable channel for sodium, potassium, calcium ions, whereas sustained high favours formation non-selective pore. latter effect induces change intracellular homeostasis leads death. This evidence suggests both pro- anti-tumour proprieties. increasingly recognised as regulator inflammation. In this review, we aimed describe most relevant characteristics function, activation, ligands, also summarising activation context currently used therapeutic approaches clinical trials modulators are described.

Язык: Английский

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Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(6), С. 1193 - 1193

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection 6.26 deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First all, preventive vaccine, which has implemented record time, is effective more than 95% cases. Additionally, diagnostic field, there are molecular antigenic kits that equipped with high sensitivity specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for detection viral RNA currently considered gold-standard method SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples widespread screening. Moreover, additional, advanced methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) next-generation sequencing (NGS), under development detect RNA. However, number subjects infected continuously increases globally, health care systems being placed increased stress. Thus, clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping select especially asymptomatic individuals who actively carrying live replicating virus, fast non-invasive technologies. Recent strategies, other methods, adopted either antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antibody-based nasal swabs, well blood saliva samples. role mucosal sIgAs, essential control viruses entering body through surfaces, remains elucidated, particular immune response counteracting infection, primarily at site(s) virus entry appears promising.

Язык: Английский

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Thrombotic Adverse Events Reported for Moderna, Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccines: Comparison of Occurrence and Clinical Outcomes in the EudraVigilance Database

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(11), С. 1326 - 1326

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Vaccination against COVID-19 is the cornerstone of controlling and mitigating ongoing pandemic. Thrombotic adverse events linked to Moderna, Pfizer Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine have been documented described as extremely rare. While has received much attention, other vaccines should not go unchallenged. This study aimed determine frequency reported thrombotic clinical outcomes for these three vaccines, namely, Oxford-AstraZeneca. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted spontaneous reports submitted EudraVigilance database in period from 17 February 14 June 2021. There were 729,496 which 3420 thrombotic, mainly (n = 1988; 58.1%) followed by 1096; 32.0%) Moderna 336; 9.8%). As serious events, there 705 pulmonary embolism 130 (18.4%) 226 (32.1%) 349 (49.5%) vaccines. The occurrence significantly associated with a fatal outcome (p ≤ 0.001). Sixty-three fatalities recorded 63/3420; 1.8%), 6), 25) 32).

Язык: Английский

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Significantly Low Levels of IgG Antibodies Against Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Sera From Females Affected by Spontaneous Abortion

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2021

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small DNA tumor virus ubiquitous in humans. MCPyV establishes clinically asymptomatic lifelong infection healthy immunocompetent individuals. Viral infections are considered to be risk factors for spontaneous abortion (SA), which the most common adverse complication of pregnancy. The role SA remains undetermined. Herein, impact females affected by was investigated. Specifically, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with two linear synthetic peptides/mimotopes mimicking antigens used investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against sera from 94 [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 35 (6) years] and 96 undergoing voluntary pregnancy interruption [VI, mean (±SD) 32 (7) years]. seroprevalence serological profiles were analyzed. overall prevalence serum IgG 35.1% (33/94) 37.5% (36/96) VI females, respectively (p > 0.05). Notably, profile analyses indicated lower optical densities (ODs) compared those < 0.05), thus indicating reduced antibody response females. Circulating IgGs identified Our immunological findings indicate that relatively fraction pregnant carry anti-MCPyV antibodies, while presented more pronounced decrease MCPyV. Although yet determined, this might prompt increase multiplication events experiencing abortive events. SA, if present, determined.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Dysregulations in Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Driven Merkel Cell Carcinoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(21), С. 11464 - 11464

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2021

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small DNA virus with oncogenic potential. MCPyV the causative agent of Cell Carcinoma (MCC), rare but aggressive tumor skin. The role epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone posttranslational modifications (HPTMs), methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) regulation on MCPyV-driven MCC has recently been highlighted. In this review, we aim to describe discuss latest insights into HPTMs, miRNA regulation, well their regulative factors in context MCC, provide an overview current findings how involved dysregulation these processes. state art also described far potentially using dysregulations related diagnostic prognostic tools concerned, addition targets for therapy. Growing evidence suggests that pathways plays etiopathogenesis, which, therefore, may be clinically significant deadly tumor. A deeper understanding mechanisms improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy MCC.

Язык: Английский

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A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Pandemic in Our Time

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(3), С. 368 - 368

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

Development and deployment of biosensors for the rapid detection 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are utmost importance urgency during this recent outbreak coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which spread rapidly around world. Cases now confirmed in February 2022 indicate that more than 170 countries worldwide affected. Recent evidence indicates over 430 million cases with 5.92 deaths scattered across globe, United States having 78 920,000 deaths. The US has many China where were first reported late December 2019. During initial China, leaders did not anticipate it could reach whole world, spreading to posing threats global health. objective review is summarize origin COVID-19, its biological nature, comparison other coronaviruses, symptoms, prevention, treatment, potential, available methods detection, post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cancer (ReCOVer Study): A Prospective Cohort Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group

Cancers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(18), С. 4621 - 4621

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2021

Data on the effectiveness and safety of approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in cancer patients are limited. This observational, prospective cohort study investigated humoral immune response to vaccination 232 from 12 HeCOG-affiliated oncology departments compared 100 healthcare volunteers without known active cancer. The seropositivity rate was measured 2–4 weeks after two vaccine doses, by evaluating neutralising antibodies against spike protein using a commercially available immunoassay. Seropositivity defined as ≥33.8 Binding-Antibody-Units (BAU)/mL. A total 189 99 controls were eligible for this analysis. Among patients, 171 (90.5%) seropositive 98% (p = 0.015). Most seronegative males (66.7%), >70-years-old (55.5%), with comorbidities (61.1%), treatment (88.9%). median antibody titers among significantly lower than those (523 vs. 2050 BAU/mL; p < 0.001). protective 54.5% 97% rates IgG did not differ any studied factor. In higher observed never-smokers 0.006), women 0.022), <50-year-olds 0.004), PS 0 0.029), breast or ovarian other cancers. Adverse events comparable registration trials. study, although doses seemed satisfactory, their controls. Monitoring responses further elucidation clinical factors that affect immunity could guide adaptations strategies vulnerable subgroups.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Environmental Health Insights, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most devastating of 21st century since its appearance in December 2019. Like other RNA viruses, continuous mutation is common for coronavirus to create several variants and subvariants. main reason behind this evolvement SARS-CoV-2 was structural spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus a threat global public health due high capability antibody neutralizing capacity. According World Health Organization (WHO), there are 5 major concern (VOC) Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529). Recently, different subvariants have gained worldwide dominance, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5. However, discernible drop symptomatic sickness globally success numerous monoclonal antibodies vaccinations. Here we also discussed currently dominant effectiveness antiviral agents vaccines. Based on available data our knowledge, can suggest that healthcare organizations decide declaration end phase soon; however, covid-19 will continue.

Язык: Английский

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The Breadth of Bacteriophages Contributing to the Development of the Phage-Based Vaccines for COVID-19: An Ideal Platform to Design the Multiplex Vaccine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 1536 - 1536

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Phages are highly ubiquitous biological agents, which means they ideal tools for molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology. The development of a phage display technology was turning point in the design phage-based vaccines. now recognized as universal adjuvant-free nanovaccine platforms. well-suited vaccine owing to their high stability harsh conditions simple inexpensive large-scale production. aim this review is summarize overall breadth antiviral therapeutic perspective phages contributing vaccines COVID-19. We show that induce strong specific humoral response by targeted particles carrying epitopes SARS-CoV-2. Further, engineering T4 bacteriophage CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) presents valuable platform with potential capabilities genetic plasticity, intrinsic immunogenicity, stability.

Язык: Английский

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