Dengue Virus and Lipid Metabolism: Unraveling the Interplay for Future Therapeutic Approaches

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

In recent years, Dengue virus (DENV) has continued to pose significant health risks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, raising alerts worldwide. It can cause hyperviremia humans even lead fatal clinical diseases. The life cycle of DENV is intricately linked cellular lipids, the selectively utilizes relevant enzymes involved lipid metabolism modulate existing metabolic system host cells during entry, replication, assembly, other stages, thereby creating an environment conducive its complete replication cycle. At present, there a lack effective specific anti-DENV treatment measures. This review summarizes recently identified molecules related diseases that affect infection, explores dependence on provides potential targets for dengue fever (DF).

Язык: Английский

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Changes and application prospects of biomolecular materials in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) after flavivirus infection

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), also known as exosomes, are membranous filled with various proteins and nucleic acids, serving a communication vector between cells. Recent research has highlighted their role in viral diseases. This review synthesizes current understanding of sEVs includes recent findings on infected flaviviruses. It discusses the implications for advancing arbovirus anticipates potential applications flavivirus infections.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications

Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(9), С. 624 - 624

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Secreted viral proteins are crucial in virus–host interactions, as they modify the host microenvironment to promote infection. These secreted could alter immune and inflammatory responses, allowing viruses evade defense mechanisms such cytotoxic T cell activation antibody neutralization. Some mimic molecules suppress antiviral making them valuable targets for antivirals diagnostics. Notable examples include BARF1 from Epstein–Barr virus, associated with gastric cancer; vIL-10 which regulates responses contributes autoimmune diseases; NS1 dengue vascular permeability early diagnosis; NSP4 rotavirus an enterotoxin, among others. The study of these improves our understanding pathogenesis helps develop innovative treatments infectious non-infectious diseases, taking advantage evolutionary adaptations viruses. This review explores their impact on infection cycle, disease progression, key processes, cycle regulation, apoptosis, signaling. Research deepens basic knowledge virology generates alternative methods detecting biomarkers creating more effective therapies, well implementing some emerging technologies, biosensors plasmon resonance, diagnosis diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in arbovirus infections: from basic biology to potential clinical applications

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025

Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are currently considered a global health threat responsible for potentially severe human diseases. The increased population density, changes in land use and climate change some of the factors that contributing to spread these infections over last years. pathogenesis diseases mechanisms interaction with host, especially those leading development forms, yet be fully understood. In recent years extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players inter-cellular host-pathogen arising lot interest also field vector-borne viruses. this context, EVs seem play dual role, by either promoting, thus facilitating, preventing infection. Many studies showing how viruses can hijack vesiculation machinery escape host immune response exploit sustain their replication propagation, even though shed cells essential promote antiviral responses. manuscript we reviewed current knowledge regarding association between paying particular attention possible role disease transmission dissemination, well potential novel tools clinical applications, spanning from biomarkers utility therapeutic options.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Severe Dengue: Virus–Host Interactions and Biomarker Potential

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(6), С. 807 - 807

Опубликована: Май 31, 2025

Severe dengue is a global health threat, affecting 4 billion people, with nearly 1 million hospitalizations during epidemics and around 25,000 annual deaths. presentations are characterized by vascular leakage, hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, which can lead to multiorgan failure. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pathogenesis dengue, influencing immune response disease progression. EVs, nanometric structures secreted cells, mediate viral dissemination, modulation, endothelial dysfunction transporting biomolecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) proteins. Infected cell-derived EVs carry components, including NS protein miRNAs like miR-21 miR-126-5p, compromise integrity activate pathways Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, JAK-STAT signaling. This, together response, leads release pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ. also facilitate evasion suppressing antiviral responses. analyses within suggest their potential biomarkers for Differentially expressed circulating correlate severe outcomes, providing tools risk stratification therapeutic monitoring. Advanced techniques, nanoparticle tracking analysis flow cytometry, allow precise EV characterization, supporting integration into clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles recovered from plasma of severe dengue patients induce CD4+ T cell suppression through PD-L1/PD-1 interaction

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane secreted into biological fluids, which play crucial roles in influencing the cellular function different pathological processes. However, there is less clarity on how plasma EVs influence proliferation activation and functions of immune cells during dengue virus (DV) infection. In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating from categories patients examined consequence naïve CD4+ T isolated mild or severe patients. We observed that infection was associated with an increased release CD41a+ platelet extracellular compared disease healthy donors. These carried level pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines along immunoregulatory proteins surface caused cell suppression. Treatment purified derived drove toward specific subtypes modulated receptor CXCR3 CCR6 expression. Subsequent studies indicated a notable rise programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression within DV (SDV) EVs. Additionally, showed elevated increase (PD-1) after incubating SDV-EVs. also demonstrated blocking PD-L1 SDV-EVs PD-1 late-activating CD4 + partially reversed SDV-EV-induced suppression proliferation. Overall, our study highlights immunosuppressive property patients, might contribute pathogenesis by shaping response. IMPORTANCE Severe manifestations global health problem. Studies suggest depends uncontrolled activation, excessive inflammation adds disease. Therefore, it important understand process triggers cells. The change response may be due direct virus-to-cell interaction could contact-independent through released infected importance context remains unexplored. understanding possible help delineate role progression Our present can have properties progression.

Язык: Английский

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Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: From Two Branches of Immune Response to Three Types of Interferon Response

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Interferons were the original prototype cytokine system discovered in 20th-century research. As name implies, they originally thought to be synthesised and secreted between cells. Thanks technological advances, processes involved protein secretion can explained comparatively more clearly at both genetic biochemical levels. The discovery of interferon (IFN) occurred when research was still its infancy. Franklin Wilkins structure function deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) same time as Crick Watson; however, Isaacs Lindemann, two scientists, described first IFN 1957. Mutations caused by inherent synthesis during infection well within regulation pathways affecting cell proliferation. This remains central host effects through receptor subunits defined 6 domains. Type II is key immune a variety cells, mainly natural killer (NK) T Single–stranded and/or double–stranded RNA/DNA viruses, bacterial infections (e.g., _Escherichia coli_) fungal _Aspergillus_), also affect regulation. Pathogenic proteins utilise intra/extracellular that sense foreign antigens like Toll–like Receptors (TLRs), affected mutations human cellular transduction pathways. Since third type 2003, phenotypes further characterised, questions remain about immunological mechanisms contributing innate adaptive system. Alterations I/II/III IFNs differentially beneficially alter homeostatic pathological disease, with I being cancer Therefore, considered here are overall molecular, regulatory context developments.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes in viral infection: Effects for pathogenesis and treatment strategies

Biocell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(12), С. 2597 - 2608

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another. They have many features make them interesting for research, such as their stability, low immunogenicity, size of the nanoscale, toxicity, and selective delivery. can also interact with viruses in diverse ways. Emerging research highlights significant role exosomes viral infections, particularly context diseases like COVID-19, HIV, HBV HCV. Understanding intricate interplay between human immune system holds great promise development effective antiviral therapies. An important aspect is gaining clarity on how influence enhance infectivity through inherent characteristics. By leveraging innate properties exosomes, exploit machinery involved exosome biogenesis set replication, facilitate spread infection, eliminate responses. either help or hinder infection by modulating system. This review summarizes recent findings mediate they be used diagnosis therapy. could lead new clinical applications disease management.

Язык: Английский

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[Review] The Landscape of Interferons in Health and Disease

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Interferons (IFNs) were the original prototype cytokine system discovered in 20th century research. As name interferon implies (derived from Latin interfere-on), these proteins have immunostimulatory, primarily antiviral and antitumour properties are synthesised secreted between cells. Due to technological advances, processes variable factors involved IFN regulation can be comparatively explained by expressed genes expressed. In this review, we provide a brief introduction background on history of We then an overview type I IFNs, associated cells, their receptors outline characteristics subtypes. distinguished three types immune higher mammals cellular signalling mechanisms IFNs together with IFN–inducible transmembrane (IFITM) during viral infection. Additionally, elucidated role diseases, as well II immunological disorders, infections deficiency followed Errors signal transduction activator transcription (STAT) protein pathway disease analysed. This paper concludes examination I/II/III since discovery timing synthesis within cell pathways, examining autoantibodies, interferons errors, finally closing current understanding immunotherapy cancer.

Язык: Английский

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A Review Study of the Participation of Late Domains in Sorting and Transport of Viral Factors to Exosomes

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1842 - 1842

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

Cellular communication depends heavily on the participation of vesicular systems generated by most cells an organism. Exosomes play central roles in this process. Today, these vesicles have been characterized, and it has determined that cargo they transport is not within a random system. In fact, various molecular signals recruitment proteins participate biogenesis exosomes. It also shown multiple viruses can recruit to viral factors such as genomes or proteins. late domains present are critical for exosomal selection recognize introduce them into review, researchers discuss evidence related characterization their role exosome during infection.

Язык: Английский

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