Exploring the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Co-infection: Mutation Risks, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Future Variant Prevention

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 111(3), С. 116707 - 116707

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Clinical Outcomes of Special Populations: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 1222 - 1222

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted special populations, including immunocompromised individuals, people living with HIV (PLWHIV), pediatric patients, and those chronic liver disease (CLD). This scoping review aims to map the clinical outcomes of these vulnerable groups when infected various SARS-CoV-2 variants. identifies trends patterns, noting that early variants, such as Alpha Delta, are associated more severe outcomes, higher hospitalization mortality rates. In contrast, Omicron variant, despite its increased transmissibility, tends cause milder manifestations. highlights necessity for surveillance tailored healthcare interventions due heterogeneity patient populations evolving nature virus. Continuous monitoring adaptive strategies essential mitigate impact on high-risk groups.

Язык: Английский

---

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in People Living with HIV Before and After COVID-19 Infection

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1), С. 135 - 135

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Background: Cognitive function decline is a problem in aging people living with HIV (PLWHIV). COVID-19 infection associated neuropsychiatric manifestations that may persist. The aim of our study was to evaluate cognitive PLWHIV before and after infection. Methods: This prospective observational conducted at “Laiko” General Hospital from July 2019 2024. Montreal Assessment (MOCA) scale used functions. Results: 116 virally suppressed participated (mean age: 47.6 years, 91.4% male); 60 underwent repeated evaluation the pandemic median interval 3.1 years. MOCA score 24 (22–26), 35.3% scoring within normal limits. A negative correlation observed between scores age (ρ = −0.283, p 0.002), but not CD4 count diagnosis 0.169, 0.071) or initial RNA load 0.02, 0.984). In subgroup testing, correlated 0.238, 0.069 first ρ 0.319, 0.014 second test). An improvement performance (median increase 25, 0.02). Conclusions: can detect early changes PLWHIV. Further studies are required determine role over time.

Язык: Английский

---

Development of Plant-Based Multivalent Vaccine Candidates for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Using Inactivated Lactococcus

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 254 - 254

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Background/Objectives: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, has caused ~690 million infections globally, manifesting with mild to severe symptoms, including pneumonia. After reduced activity, seasonal influenza re-emerged in winter 2022, creating a “twindemic” SARS-CoV-2. Co-infections have been associated higher risks, such as increased ventilator use and mortality, emphasizing need for dual-target vaccines. This study investigates plant-based vaccines produced using bacterium-like particle (BLP) system from Lactobacillus sakei co-target SARS-CoV-2 influenza. Methods: DNA fragments of Omicron BA.1 variant spike (S) protein H1N1 virus hemagglutinin (HA) ectodomain were synthesized used create recombinant constructs introduced into Agrobacterium. Protein expression was analyzed Western blot Bradford assays. Six-week-old K18-hACE2 mice immunized these antigens challenged influenza, or both assess viral load lung pathology at various times. Results: The S HA successfully expressed Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated strong binding BLPs. In mouse models (BALB/c K18-hACE2), elicited potent humoral cellular immune responses, high neutralizing antibody titers IFN-γ levels. Vaccinated protection against challenges, loads, improved survival. cases co-infection, vaccinated showed rapid recovery effective clearance, highlighting potential combat simultaneous infections. Conclusions: Our findings highlight BLP-based multivalent dual major public health threats.

Язык: Английский

---

The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on HIV Viral Load in Patients Under Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(8), С. 926 - 926

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Background: The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on HIV viremia in patients treated under bictegravir-based therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational tertiary hospital, analyzing data from 152 with BIC/TAF/FTC between 2020 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: “vaccinated” (110/152) “unvaccinated” (42/152) against SARS-CoV-2. outcomes considered presence “blips” (detectable ≥ 20 copies/mL), “rebound” (viremia 50 virological failures. Results: A lower incidence blips group compared (9.1% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.002), reduced risk vaccinated (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–9.8) noticed. rebound rate was non-vaccinated, statistically significant difference (respectively, 2.7% 11.9%, 0.037). Conclusions: suggest that may stimulate an immune response enhances CD4+ CD8+ cell function, contributing reduction number maintaining good viro-immunological control HIV, supporting importance this population.

Язык: Английский

---

Critical illness due to infection in people living with HIV

The Lancet HIV, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(6), С. e406 - e418

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

The impact of COVID-19 on people living with HIV (PLWH)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

People from many areas of life have been impacted negatively by the worldwide epidemic, which has had a significant global impact. One population that received particular attention is people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH are not more likely compared to average populace catch COVID-19, according recent research, however, their immunodeficiency status and higher likelihood comorbidities make them high-risk group. Additionally, social stigma potential psychological issues resulting can further exacerbate vulnerability. To address unique challenges faced during pandemic, increased empirical research needed. In investigations, biological therapeutic manifestation COVID-19 in individuals who positive negative was studied, findings showing similar rates incidence, severity, mortality. However, underlying medical conditions, for example, diabetes hypertension, may be serious disease COVID-19. Given these risks, it crucial protect HIV-infected ensuring access appropriate services support. This includes providing information on prevention treatment options, as well addressing issues. Overall, this article highlights importance recognizing needs pandemic taking proactive steps support vulnerable population.

Язык: Английский

---

Analyzing Co-Infection Dynamics: A Mathematical Approach Using Fractional Order Modeling and Laplace-Adomian Decomposition

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2), С. 113 - 124

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

The co-infection of HIV and COVID-19 is a pressing health concern, carrying substantial potential consequences. This study focuses on the vital task comprehending dynamics HIV-COVID-19 co-infection, fundamental step in formulating efficacious control strategies optimizing healthcare approaches. Here, we introduce an innovative mathematical model grounded Caputo fractional order differential equations, specifically designed to encapsulate intricate co-infection. encompasses multiple critical facets: transmission both COVID-19, host's immune responses, influence treatment interventions. Our approach embraces complexity these factors offer exhaustive portrayal dynamics. To tackle model, employ Laplace-Adomian decomposition method, potent tool for approximating solutions equations. Utilizing this technique, simulate interactions between variables, yielding profound insights into propagation Notably, identify pivotal contributors its advancement. In addition, conduct meticulous analysis convergence properties inherent series acquired through method. examination assures reliability accuracy our methodology solutions. findings hold significant implications formulation effective strategies. Policymakers, professionals, public authorities will benefit from research as they endeavor curtail proliferation impact

Язык: Английский

---

SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence and associated factors among people living with HIV in Sierra Leone

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an important risk factor for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but data on the prevalence of COVID‐19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) limited in low‐income countries. Our aim was to assess seroprevalence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) specific antibodies and associated factors PLWH Sierra Leone. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey aged 18 years or older Leone between August 2022 January 2023. Participants were tested SARS‐CoV‐2 using rapid antibody (immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G [IgG]) kits. Stepwise logistic regression used explore significance level p < .05. Results In our study, 33.4% (1031/3085) participants had received vaccine, 75.7% IgG positive. Higher observed females (77.2% vs. 71.4%, = .001), adults over 60 (88.2%), those suppressed RNA (80.7% 51.7%, antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐experienced individuals (77.9% 44.6%, vaccinated 73.2%, .001). Patients highest odds (adjusted ratio [aOR] 2.73, 95% CI 1.68–4.65). Female sex (aOR 1.28, 95%CI 1.05–1.56), vaccination 1.54, 1.27–1.86), ART 2.20, 1.56–3.11) increased odds, whereas ≥ 1000 copies/mL 0.32, 0.26–0.40) reduced seroprevalence. Conclusions high recommend introduction targeted COVID‐19, especially unsuppressed viral load.

Язык: Английский

---

COVID-19 Vaccines and COVID-19 in People Living with HIV

Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2), С. 78 - 82

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly around the world, and COVID-19 HIV co-infection also became common. In this study, we aimed to investigate impact of vaccination preferences rates on severity in patients with co-infection.

Язык: Английский

---