The
gut
biome,
a
complex
ecosystem
of
micro-
and
macro-organisms,
plays
crucial
role
in
human
health.
A
disruption
this
evolutive
balance,
particularly
during
early
life,
can
lead
to
immune
dysregulation
inflammatory
disorders.
‘Biome
repletion’
has
emerged
as
potential
therapeutic
approach,
introducing
live
microbes
or
helminth-derived
products
restore
balance.
While
helminth
therapy
shown
some
promise,
significant
challenges
remain
optimizing
clinical
trials.
Factors
such
patient
genetics,
disease
status,
species,
the
optimal
timing
dosage
their
metabolites
must
be
carefully
considered
train
system
effectively.
We
aim
discuss
how
helminths
induce
trained
immunity
prospective
treat
autoimmune
diseases.
molecular
repertoire
excretory/secretory
(ESPs),
which
includes
proteins,
peptides,
lipids,
RNA-carrying
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
underscores
modulate
innate
cells
hematopoietic
stem
cell
precursors.
Mimicking
natural
delivery
mechanisms
like
synthetic
exosomes
could
revolutionize
EV-based
therapies
production
ESP
will
for
translation
into
applications.
By
deciphering
harnessing
products’
diverse
modes
action,
we
unleash
full
pave
way
innovative
treatments.
Nature Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Abstract
Here
we
analyzed
the
relative
contributions
of
CD4
+
regulatory
T
cells
expressing
Forkhead
box
protein
P3
(FOXP3)
and
CD8
killer
cell
immunoglobulin-like
receptors
to
control
autoreactive
B
lymphocytes
in
human
tonsil-derived
immune
organoids.
FOXP3
GZMB
respectively
encode
proteins
granzyme
B,
which
are
critical
suppressive
functions
cells.
Using
CRISPR–Cas9
gene
editing,
were
able
achieve
a
reduction
~90–95%
expression
these
genes.
knockout
tonsil
led
production
antibodies
against
variety
autoantigens
increased
affinity
influenza-specific
antibodies.
By
contrast,
resulted
an
increase
follicular
helper
cells,
consistent
with
ablation
observed
mouse
models,
marked
expansion
These
findings
highlight
distinct
yet
complementary
roles
regulating
cellular
humoral
responses
prevent
autoimmunity.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
95(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
Abstract
Accumulating
evidence
shows
that
SARS‐CoV‐2
can
potentially
trigger
autoimmune
processes,
which
be
responsible
for
the
long‐term
consequences
of
COVID‐19.
Therefore,
this
paper
aims
to
review
autoantibodies
reported
in
COVID‐19
convalescents.
Six
main
groups
were
distinguished:
(i)
against
components
immune
system,
(ii)
cardiovascular
(iii)
thyroid
autoantibodies,
(iv)
specific
rheumatoid
diseases,
(v)
antibodies
G‐protein
coupled
receptors,
and
(vi)
other
autoantibodies.
The
reviewed
here
clearly
highlights
infection
may
induce
humoral
responses.
However,
available
studies
share
number
limitations,
such
as:
(1)
sole
presence
does
not
necessarily
implicate
clinically‐relevant
risks,
(2)
functional
investigations
rarely
performed
it
is
often
unknown
whether
observed
are
pathogenic,
(3)
control
seroprevalence,
healthy,
noninfected
individuals
was
reported;
thus
sometimes
detected
result
or
accidental
post‐COVID‐19
detection,
(4)
correlated
with
symptoms
syndrome,
(5)
size
studied
small,
(6)
focused
predominantly
on
adult
populations,
(7)
age‐
sex‐related
differences
seroprevalence
explored,
(8)
genetic
predispositions
involved
generation
during
infections
investigated,
(9)
reactions
following
variants
vary
clinical
course
remain
unexplored.
Further
longitudinal
advocated
assess
link
between
identified
particular
outcomes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(17), С. 13609 - 13609
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023
Autoimmunity
is
defined
by
the
presence
of
antibodies
and/or
T
cells
directed
against
self-components.
Although
unknown
etiology,
autoimmunity
commonly
associated
with
environmental
factors
such
as
infections,
which
have
been
reported
to
increase
risk
developing
autoimmune
diseases.
Occasionally,
similarities
between
infectious
non-self
and
self-tissue
antigens
may
contribute
immunological
cross-reactivity
in
These
reactions
be
interpreted
molecular
mimicry,
describes
foreign
pathogens
self-antigens
that
cause
tissue
damage
development
autoimmunity.
By
focusing
on
nature
antibodies,
general,
antibody–antigen
interactions,
this
review
aims
characterize
potential
cross-reactive
immune
but
not
actually
disease
onset.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
The
intricate
balance
of
immune
reactions
towards
invading
pathogens
and
tolerance
self
is
pivotal
in
preventing
autoimmune
diseases,
with
the
thymus
playing
a
central
role
establishing
maintaining
this
equilibrium.
induction
involves
elimination
self-reactive
T
cells,
mechanism
essential
for
averting
autoimmunity.
Disruption
thymic
cell
selection
mechanisms
can
lead
to
development
diseases.
In
dynamic
microenvironment
thymus,
migration
interactions
stromal
cells
are
critical
processes
that
ensure
self-tolerance.
Thymic
epithelial
particularly
significant
context,
presenting
self-antigens
inducing
negative
autoreactive
cells.
Further,
synergistic
roles
fibroblasts,
B
dendritic
antigen
presentation,
regulatory
responses
tightly
regulated.
This
review
article
collates
these
insights,
offering
comprehensive
examination
multifaceted
tissue
homeostasis
establishment
its
implications
prevention
Additionally,
developmental
pathways
explored,
highlighting
how
genetic
aberrations
disrupt
architecture
function,
leading
conditions.
impact
infections
on
another
area,
potentially
triggering
autoimmunity
by
altering
homeostasis.
Overall,
underscores
integral
discussing
insights
into
potential
therapeutic
strategies
examining
putative
avenues
future
research
developing
thymic-based
therapies
treating
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
46(4), С. 3502 - 3532
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
Autoimmune
diseases
(AIDs)
emerge
due
to
an
irregular
immune
response
towards
self-
and
non-self-antigens.
Inflammation
commonly
accompanies
these
conditions,
with
inflammatory
factors
inflammasomes
playing
pivotal
roles
in
their
progression.
Key
concepts
molecular
biology,
inflammation,
mimicry
are
crucial
understanding
AID
development.
Exposure
foreign
antigens
can
cause
potentially
leading
AIDs
through
triggered
by
cross-reactive
epitopes.
Molecular
emerges
as
a
key
mechanism
which
infectious
or
chemical
agents
trigger
autoimmunity.
In
certain
susceptible
individuals,
autoreactive
T
B
cells
may
be
activated
antigen
resemblances
between
self-peptides.
Chronic
typically
driven
abnormal
responses,
is
strongly
associated
pathogenesis.
Inflammasomes,
vital
cytosolic
multiprotein
complexes
assembled
infections
stress,
activating
processes
macrophages.
characterized
prolonged
tissue
injury
repair
cycles,
significantly
damage
tissues,
thereby
increasing
the
risk
of
AIDs.
Inhibiting
inflammasomes,
particularly
autoinflammatory
disorders,
has
garnered
significant
interest,
pharmaceutical
advancements
targeting
cytokines
showing
promise
management.
Reviews in Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
35(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Zika
virus
(ZIKV)
and
dengue
(DENV)
are
two
major
mosquito‐borne
flaviviruses
that
pose
a
significant
threat
to
the
global
public
health
system,
particularly
in
tropical
regions.
The
clinical
outcomes
related
these
viral
pathogens
can
vary
from
self‐limiting
asymptomatic
infections
various
forms
of
life‐threatening
pathological
conditions
such
as
haemorrhagic
disorders.
In
addition
direct
effects
pathogens,
immune
processes
play
also
function
development
diseases
mediated
by
ZIKV
DENV.
Studing
is
important
for
developing
safer
vaccines
targeted
therapeutic
strategies.
These
viruses
have
been
reported
trigger
autoimmune
disorders
affecting
different
parts
human
organ
systems.
It
has
shown
preexisting
immunity
or
DENV
impact
outcome
subsequent
caused
another
virus.
infection
promote
mechanisms,
molecular
mimicry
autoantibody
formation.
present
review
provides
an
overview
associated
with
their
potential
underlying
mechanisms.
The Journal of Gene Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
25(12)
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Diffuse
large
B-cell
lymphoma
(DLBCL)
incidence
is
higher
in
systemic
lupus
erythematosus
(SLE)
patients
than
the
general
population,
but
molecular
mechanisms
behind
this
link
remain
ambiguous.
The
aim
of
study
was
to
investigate
shared
gene
signatures
and
pathways
between
SLE
DLBCL.We
procured
expression
profiles
DLBCL
from
public
databases
identified
common
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs).
Functional
pathway
enrichment
protein-protein
interaction
(PPI)
analyses
were
performed
on
these
genes.
complex
detection
technology
(MCODE)
eXtreme
Gradient
Boosting
(XGBoost)
machine
learning
algorithm
used
select
core
genes,
followed
by
Gene
Set
Enrichment
Analysis
(GSEA)
immune
infiltration
analysis.We
54
DEGs
as
among
which
CD177,
CEACAM1,
GPR84
IFIT3
These
showed
strong
associations
with
inflammatory
response
pathways.
We
found
a
significant
positive
correlation
levels
microenvironment.
Decreased
linked
enhanced
therapy
sensitivity,
potentially
due
lower
dysregulation
scores
during
low
expression.
also
discovered
that
TP53
mutations
might
elevate
CD177
reduced
better
overall
survival
progression-free
patients.Our
provides
valuable
insights
into
underpinning
pathogenesis
DLBCL.
findings
could
offer
new
biomarkers
therapeutic
targets
for
Rheumatology Science and Practice,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
61(4), С. 397 - 420
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023
Two
fundamental
pathologic
processes
are
central
to
the
spectrum
of
chronic
inflammation
mechanisms:
autoimmunity
and
autoinflammation.
Autoimmunity
autoinflammation
mutually
potent
processes;
their
development
is
considered
within
framework
“immunoinflammatory”
continuum,
reflecting
close
relationship
between
innate
acquired
types
immune
response.
leading
mechanism
pathogenesis
a
large
group
inflammatory
human
diseases,
defined
as
autoimmune
frequency
which
in
population
exceeds
10%.
Advances
molecular
biology,
pharmacogenetics
bioinformatics
have
created
prerequisites
for
individualization
therapy
rheumatic
diseases
concept
personalized
medicine.
The
study
immunopathogenesis
mechanisms,
improvement
diagnostics,
deciphering
nature
taxonomy,
approaches
prevention
among
priority
directions
medicine
21st
century.
